Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Apr;40(2):371-380.
doi: 10.1007/s00455-024-10735-w. Epub 2024 Jul 27.

Prognostic Factors Associated with Post-Stroke Dysphagia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients

Shu-Mei Yang  1 , Hung-Hsi Lin  1 , Ting-Ju Lai  2 , You-Lin Lu  1 , Hsing-Yu Chen  1 , Hsiao-Ting Tsai  1 , Chueh-Hung Wu  1   3 , Tyng-Guey Wang  3 , Meng-Ting Lin  4
Affiliations

Prognostic Factors Associated with Post-Stroke Dysphagia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients

Shu-Mei Yang et al. Dysphagia. 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) constitutes a significant portion of acute stroke incidents worldwide, often leading to post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), affecting 50-77% of survivors and worsening patient morbidity. This study aimed to identify predictive variables for PSD among patients with spontaneous ICH. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with acute spontaneous ICH, confirmed by brain computed tomography, from June 2019 to June 2023. We analyzed demographic, neuroimaging, and stroke-specific characteristics and rehabilitation indicators. PSD was evaluated using nasogastric (NG) tube retention and the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) levels at 4 and 12 weeks post-ICH. Statistical analyses involved univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify PSD predictors. A total of 310 ICH patients were included in the study. At 4 weeks, significant predictors for NG tube retention included 24-hour National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, estimated glomerular filtration rate and sitting balance. At 12 weeks, hospital stay duration and ICH score were significant predictors for NG tube retention. Regarding the FOIS, significant predictors at 4 weeks included higher 24-hour NIHSS scores, compromised sitting balance, immobility-related complications, initial hematoma volume and intraventricular hemorrhages. At 12 weeks, older age and higher 24-hour NIHSS scores significantly predicted lower FOIS levels. Our findings demonstrate that PSD in ICH patients is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including stroke severity, renal function, and physical impairment. The study highlights the importance of early neurological assessment, physical function, and comprehensive management in improving swallowing outcomes, emphasizing a multifaceted approach to enhancing outcomes for ICH survivors.

Keywords: Dysphagia; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Nasogastric tube; Prognostic factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Caplan LR. Intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet. 1992;339(8794):656–8. - PubMed
    1. Sudlow CL, Warlow CP. Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types: results from an international collaboration. Int Stroke Incidence Collab Stroke. 1997;28(3):491–9.
    1. Joundi RA, Martino R, Saposnik G, Giannakeas V, Fang J, Kapral MK. Dysphagia screening after intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(5):503–10. - PubMed
    1. Hess F, Foerch C, Keil F, Seiler A, Lapa S. Association of Lesion Pattern and Dysphagia in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2021;52(9):2921–9. - PubMed
    1. Paciaroni M, Mazzotta G, Corea F, Caso V, Venti M, Milia P, Silvestrelli G, Palmerini F, Parnetti L, Gallai V. Dysphagia following stroke. Eur Neurol. 2004;51(3):162–7. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources