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Review
. 2024 Aug;43(4):639-655.
doi: 10.1007/s10930-024-10223-y. Epub 2024 Jul 28.

Protein S-Nitrosylation: A Chemical Modification with Ubiquitous Biological Activities

Adam A Aboalroub  1 , Khaldun M Al Azzam  2
Affiliations
Review

Protein S-Nitrosylation: A Chemical Modification with Ubiquitous Biological Activities

Adam A Aboalroub et al. Protein J. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) induces protein posttranslational modification (PTM), known as S-nitrosylation, which has started to gain attention as a critical regulator of thousands of substrate proteins. However, our understanding of the biological consequences of this emerging PTM is incomplete because of the limited number of identified S-nitrosylated proteins (S-NO proteins). Recent advances in detection methods have effectively contributed to broadening the spectrum of discovered S-NO proteins. This article briefly reviews the progress in S-NO protein detection methods and discusses how these methods are involved in characterizing the biological consequences of this PTM. Additionally, we provide insight into S-NO protein-related diseases, focusing on the role of these proteins in mitigating the severity of infectious diseases.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cancer; PTM detection; Protein modification; S-nitrosylation.

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