Comparison of mechanical and surface properties of two 3D printed composite resins for definitive restoration

Abstract

Statement of problem: Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is emerging as an innovative approach in the dental field. In recent years, manufacturers have introduced 3-dimensionally printed composite resins (3D-CRs) that are specifically designed for the AM of definitive prostheses; however, the mechanical and surface properties of these materials require investigation.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the mechanical and surface properties of 2 commercially available 3D-CRs for definitive restoration after artificial aging.

Material and methods: Saremco print Crowntec; Saremco Dental AG and Varseo Smile Crown Plus; Bego GmbH were printed with a layer thickness of 50 µm at a 90-degree angle. A total of 20 bar-shaped specimens (25×2×2 mm) were produced from each material to measure the flexural strength (σf) and elastic modulus (E) using a 3-point bend test, and 5 disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×3 mm) from each material were used to measure the surface microhardness using a microhardness test. Half of the specimens were tested under dry conditions, while the other half were immersed in distilled water for 30 days. Five disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×3 mm) from each material were used to evaluate surface roughness before and after undergoing toothbrushing simulations. Additionally, 5 disk-shaped specimens (Ø15×1 mm) were used to assess water sorption (w_sp) and solubility (w_sl) over 28 days. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test (1-tailed) with 90% power (α=.05).

Results: The mean ±standard deviation flexural strength values were 123.4 ±8.7 MPa for Saremco print Crowntec and 109.9 ±15.8 MPa for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After aging, these values were 97.5 ±15.2 MPa for Saremco print Crowntec and 94.2 ±11.7 MPa for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. The mean Vickers hardness values were 33.2 ±0.8 N/mm² for Saremco print Crowntec and 31.5 ±0.6 N/mm² for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After aging, the mean values were 31.7 ±0.9 N/mm² for Saremco print Crowntec and 29.6 ±1.0 N/mm² for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. The mean modulus of elasticity was 4.2 ±0.3 GPa for Saremco print Crowntec and 3.82 ±0.2 GPa for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After 21 days, the mean sorption values were 11.52 ±0.6 mg/mm³ for Saremco print Crowntec and 12.43 ±0.4 mg/mm³ for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. After 28 days, the mean solubility values were 1.36 ±0.4 mg/mm³ for Saremco print Crowntec and 0.98 ±0.3 mg/mm³ for Varseo Smile Crown Plus. Significant differences were found between the 2 3D-CRs in flexural strength in the dry state (P=.03), in Young modulus after 30 days of water immersion (P=.023), and in Vickers hardness in the dry state (P=.01) and after 30 days of water immersion (P=.018).

Conclusions: Both 3D-CRs provided good in vitro performance and the mechanical properties required for long-term clinical application. Artificial aging decreased the flexural strength of both 3D-CRs.