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. 2025 Jan;263(1):23-32.
doi: 10.1007/s00417-024-06583-x. Epub 2024 Jul 29.

Relation between binocular vision alteration and prehension movements in children: a scoping review

Giuseppe Rao  1 , Luigi Massa  2 , Irene Schiavetti  3 , Aldo Vagge  4   5 , Paolo Nucci  6 , Martina Giorgia Perinelli  7 , Pasquale Striano  7   8 , Massimiliano Serafino  2
Affiliations

Relation between binocular vision alteration and prehension movements in children: a scoping review

Giuseppe Rao et al. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate, map, and synthesize evidence regarding the correlation between changes in binocular vision and fine motor skills among children.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of existing evidence, following the guidelines and checklist outlined in "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Scoping Reviews" (PRISMAScR).

Results: Sixteen papers were systematically included in our scoping review. A predominant focus was placed on assessing the impact of strabismus on motor skills. Most of the studies used motor test batteries for comprehensive analysis, while the remaining employed methodologies, such as questionnaires or laboratory-based tests.

Conclusion: Vision stands as a pivotal perceptual modality essential for the optimal development of children. Alterations in visual acuity can significantly affect fine motor skills. Pediatric ophthalmology and orthoptics frequently encounter binocular vision disorders, such as amblyopia and strabismus. Our finding showed that impaired binocular vision affects fine motor skills.

Keywords: Amblyopia; Binocular vision; Fine motor skills; Strabismus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval: An ethics statement is not applicable because this study is based exclusively on published literature. Compliance with ethical standards: This article do not contain any study with animals or humans performed by any of the authors.

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