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Review
. 2023 Jun 14;24(6):176.
doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2406176. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Prevention of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Review

Grzegorz Sławiński  1   2 , Maciej Kempa  1 , Andrzej Przybylski  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Prevention of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Review

Grzegorz Sławiński et al. Rev Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

The importance of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in the treatment of cardiac rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and the prevention of sudden cardiac death is indisputable. However, CIED therapy is associated with complications, among which infections are particularly unfavourable in terms of prognosis. The diagnosis and management of CIED infections remain complex, with a significant impact on mortality and healthcare costs. For these reasons, the risk factors for CIED infections and methods of their prevention have been assessed in recent years. This review summarises the current state of knowledge on the subject. We also outlined the role of alternative methods, such as subcutaneous defibrillators, leadless pacemakers, and wearable cardioverter defibrillators.

Keywords: cardioverter-defibrillator; complications; infections; pacemaker.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Clinical manifestations of CIED infections. (A) Pocket infection. (B) Image from lead extraction showing cardiac device-related infective endocarditis. CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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