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. 2024 Jul 31;28(8):458.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-024-05843-8.

Associations between interleukin-10, -12, and - 18 and periodontal health and disease: a cross-sectional study

Elif Ilke Cebesoy  1   2 , Müge Altaca  1   2 , Necla Asli Kocak-Oztug  1   3 , Ilknur Bingül  4 , Emine Cifcibasi  5
Affiliations

Associations between interleukin-10, -12, and - 18 and periodontal health and disease: a cross-sectional study

Elif Ilke Cebesoy et al. Clin Oral Investig. .

Abstract

Objective: We assessed the levels of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects with advanced periodontitis (SIII-SIV) compared to healthy controls and evaluated their correlations with clinical measurements.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved subjects (n = 60) diagnosed with stage III grade B-C (n = 13) to stage IV grade C (n = 17) periodontitis, and periodontally healthy controls (n = 30). Clinical periodontal measurements involved full-mouth. The concentrations of IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: There were no significant differences in IL-12 level and IL-18/IL-10 ratio between the healthy and periodontitis groups (p = 0.413, p = 0.636, respectively). The IL-10 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Significant associations were observed between the periodontitis and IL-10 and IL-18 levels (OR = 1.46, %95 CI 1.19-1.795; OR = 1.13, %95 CI 1.059-1.207, respectively) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: There was a correlation between pocket depth and the presence of IL-18 and a strong association between periodontitis and a high level of IL-18. However, there were no direct correlations among the three biomarkers and IL-18/IL-10 ratio, indicating that their roles in periodontal health are complex and multidimensional.

Clinical relevance: Understanding the cytokine dynamics in GCF provides valuable insights into their potential clinical implications for periodontal disease diagnosis, risk assessment, and tailored therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: Cytokines; Gingival crevicular fluid; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-18; Periodontal disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(a) Distribution of IL-10 levels in the healthy group and the periodontitis group. (b) Distribution of IL-12 levels in the healthy group and the periodontitis group. (c) Distribution of IL-18 levels in the healthy group and the periodontitis group Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; pg, picogram; mL, millilitre. *,†: Different symbols represent significance
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