Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Jul 30;24(1):434.
doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03159-z.

Effect of dairy products fortified with vitamin d3 on restless legs syndrome in women with premenstrual syndrome, abdominal obesity and vitamin d deficiency: a pilot study

Payam Sharifan #  1   2 , Toktam Sahranavard #  2 , Mohammad Rashidmayvan #  1 , Susan Darroudi  3 , Mohammad Vahedi Fard  4 , Kimia Mohammadhasani  4 , Amin Mansoori  5   6 , Saeid Eslami  7 , Mohamad Safarian  1 , Asma Afshari  1 , Mohammad Bagherniya  8 , Maryam Tayefi  9 , Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan  10 , Hamideh Ghazizadeh  2   11 , Gordon Ferns  12 , Mitra Rezaie  13 , Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan  14   15   16
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of dairy products fortified with vitamin d3 on restless legs syndrome in women with premenstrual syndrome, abdominal obesity and vitamin d deficiency: a pilot study

Payam Sharifan et al. BMC Womens Health. .

Abstract

Backgrounds: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an unpleasant condition that affects the quality of life of patients. Its prevalence in increased in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Vitamin D plays a key role in female reproduction through its impact on calcium homeostasis and neurotransmitters. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy products fortified with Vitamin D3 on RLS in women with PMS.

Materials and methods: We conducted a 2.5-month, randomized, total-blinded clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of low-fat milk and yogurt fortified with vitamin D on RLS in women with PMS. Among 141 middle-aged women with abdominal obesity, 71 and 70 cases received fortified and non-fortified low-fat dairy products, respectively. All subjects completed a Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) and RLS questionnaires.

Results: The results showed that in the women with severe PMS (PSST > 28), serum levels of vitamin D increased significantly following vitamin D fortification. The mean restless legs score in the severe PMS subgroup (PSST > 28) was significantly lower after the intervention (p < 0.05. Serum Vitamin D levels significantly differed between intervention and control groups in all individuals (PSST < 19, PSST 19-28, and PSST > 28) (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between RLS scores of the intervention and control groups in the three PMS subgroups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Fortifying dairy products with vitamin D3 can increase the serum levels of vitamin D and reduce the RLS severity in women with severe PMS, but not in other groups.

Keywords: Fortification; Low-fat dairy; Premenstrual syndrome; Restless legs syndrome; Vitamin D.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the study. ONSORT 2010 flow diagram
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Correlation between RLS and PSST in the intervention group
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Graphical Abstract
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy: a review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(7):716–22. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.03.027 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rajender A, Mathur S, Choudhary P, Upadhyay S, Rajender G, Bhargava R, et al. Restless leg syndrome a common undiagnosed comorbidity of clinical significance in cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2019;12(1):13. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Oran M, Unsal C, Albayrak Y, Tulubas F, Oguz K, Avci O, et al. Possible association between vitamin D deficiency and restless legs syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:953. 10.2147/NDT.S63599 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ghorayeb I, Gamas A, Mazurie Z, Mayo W. Attention-deficit hyperactivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adult patients with primary restless legs syndrome: different phenotypes of the same disease? Behav Sleep Med. 2019;17(3):246–53. 10.1080/15402002.2017.1326919 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sarawad SS. Restless legs syndrome (RLS): an overview. Int J Adv Nurs Manage. 2022;10(2):153–5.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources