Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Aug;40(7):1572-1577.
doi: 10.12669/pjms.40.7.9072.

Bridging the Gap: A narrative review of osteoporosis disability, adipokines, and the role of AI in postmenopausal women

Saba Tariq  1 , Sohail Jabbar  2 , Awais Ahmad  3 , Sundus Tariq  4
Affiliations
Review

Bridging the Gap: A narrative review of osteoporosis disability, adipokines, and the role of AI in postmenopausal women

Saba Tariq et al. Pak J Med Sci. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a global health concern characterized by reduced bone density and compromised bone quality, resulting in an increased risk of fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women. The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) plays a pivotal role in diagnosing osteoporosis, as it accounts for approximately 70% of overall bone strength. The World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed BMD measurement as a reliable method for diagnosing this condition. In Pakistan, the incidence of bone fractures is on the rise, largely attributable to an aging population and a range of contributing factors. Understanding the global and local prevalence of osteoporosis, its impact on morbidity and mortality, and the contributing factors is vital for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. The role of adipokines, including chemerin, vaspin, and omentin-1, in bone metabolism is an emerging area of investigation. These adipokines play diverse roles in physiology, ranging from inflammation and metabolic regulation to cardiovascular health. Understanding their potential impact on bone health is a topic of ongoing research. The intricate relationship between bone density, bone quality, and overall bone strength is central to understanding the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Current innovation in machine learning and predictive model can bring revolution in the field of bone health and osteoporosis. Early identification of people with osteoporosis or risk of fracture through machine learning can prevent disability and improve the quality of life.

Keywords: Adipokines; Artificial intelligence; BMD; Osteoporosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: None.

Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
Types of Osteoporosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Davidson S, Vecellio A, Flagstad I, Holton K, Bruzina A, Lender P, et al. Discrepancy between DXA and CT-based assessment of spine bone mineral density. Spine Deform. 2023:677–683. doi:10.1007/s43390-023-00646-5. - PubMed
    1. Bleibler F, Konnopka A, Benzinger P, Rapp K, König HH. The health burden and costs of incident fractures attributable to osteoporosis from 2010 to 2050 in Germany—a demographic simulation model. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:835–847. doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2020-z. - PubMed
    1. Wright NC, Saag KG, Dawson-Hughes B, Khosla S, Siris ES. The impact of the new National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the USA. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:1225–1232. doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3865-3. - PubMed
    1. Michael Lewiecki E, Wright NC, Curtis JR, Siris E, Gagel RF, Saag KG, et al. Hip fracture trends in the United States, 2002 to 2015. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(3):717–722. doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4345-0. - PubMed
    1. Wong BL, Chan YH, O'Neill GK, Murphy D, Merchant RA. Frailty, length of stay and cost in hip fracture patients. Osteoporos Int. 2023;34(1):59–68. doi:10.1007/s00198-022-06553-1. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources