Possible Bioterrorism by North Korea and South Korea's Preparedness

Abstract

This paper reviews the elements and infection mechanisms of bioterrorism, assess North Korea's capability for biological warfare, and propose strategies for South Korea to counter potential bioterrorist threats from the North. The four critical elements of bioterrorism include the biological agent, the weaponization of the agent, the delivery system, and the impact of weather conditions on the attack. The infection routes for biological agents in bioterrorism include inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure, and injection. The potential agents under development could include anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin, which might be deployed using missiles, artillery shells, or through covert operations. Proximity to North Korea significantly increases vulnerability to biological attacks. Possible methods include contaminating water supplies, food sources, or densely populated areas. Anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin could theoretically be delivered using packages attached to balloons. Minimizing the impact of a bioterrorism event requires strategy that includes four key actions: detection, decision-making, distribution, and dispensation. By integrating these steps, authorities can effectively manage and mitigate the effects of a bioterrorism event. Civilian doctors play a role in the early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and management of biological agents. Educating medical professionals is crucial for preparing against potential biological warfare or bioterrorism threats.

Keywords: Biological warfare agents; Bioterrorism; Democratic People's Republic of Korea; Medical staff; Republic of Korea.

Figure 1. North Korea drops trash balloons across the border. https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/2024-06-02t065626z-1688605478-rc2u28af5s6w-rtrmadp-3-southkorea-northkorea-balloons.JPG?c=original. Accessed June 7, 2024.