A Retrospective Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Aspects of Patients With COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Non-COVID-19-Related ARDS

Abstract

Aim/objective: This study investigated demographic characteristics, hemodynamic values, respiratory datas, laboratory values ​​such as biochemistry and blood gas, and treatment approaches of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related and non-COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Background: Determining the differences and similarities between COVID-19-related ARDS (CARDS) patients and non-COVID-19-related ARDS (NCARDS) patients will be useful to better understand these two diseases.

Materials and methods: A total of 32 NCARDS patients who were followed and treated in the ICU for various reasons between January 2015 and December 2020 and 32 CARDS patients who were followed and treated in the ICU for various reasons between March 2020 and December 2020 were examined retrospectively. Age, gender, comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II Score, blood pressure, heart rate, saturation, laboratory results, arterial blood gas (ABG) values, length of stay in the ICU, intubation, the number of days till the patient was extubated, the treatments applied, admission to the service, and mortality were evaluated.

Results: In the comparison between the two groups, the demographic data of the patients, the number of days intubated and extubated, APACHE II scores, and ICU length of stay were not statistically different. Values of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), first hospitalization GCS, first hospitalization hemoglobin (Hgb), albumin at first admission, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at first admission, and steroid use were found to be significantly different in patients with CARDS (p < 0.001). The median of PEEP values (p = 0.04), first admission GCS values (p = 0.04), first admission Hgb values (p = 0.005), albumin values at the first admission (p = 0.03), ALT values (p = 0.03), and the rate of steroid use (p = 0.001) of CARDS patients were significantly higher than those of NCARDS patients. The median of the first hospitalization heart rate values (p = 0.009), first hospitalization saturation values (p = 0.001), and first admission neutrophil values (p = 0.03) in NCARDS patients were significantly higher than that of CARDS patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mortality, sedation use, inotropic support, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin values.

Conclusions: CARDS and NCARDS have clinical and laboratory similarities and differences. Therefore, there should be differences in our follow-up and treatment approach to these two disease groups.

Keywords: ards; covid-19 associated ards; covid-19 pneumonia; intensive care unit; non-covid-associated ards.