The Association between Post-Partum Depression and Nutrition and Dietary Patterns: Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a common illness with long-term effects on mother and child. Nutrition is a crucial factor in mental health, but research findings on its connection to PPD are inconsistent. This review aims to explore the correlation between PPD and dietary patterns.

Materials and methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of several databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ISI and ISI/Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Iranian databases such as Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and IRANDOC from 2003 to 2020. Our search was based on the keywords "postpartum depression" and "nutrition, vitamin D, Folic acid, iron, zinc, and vitamins." We applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist to select articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of the 100 articles identified, only 24 articles met our criteria and were selected for further analysis.

Results: Research suggests that low levels of vitamin D, iron, folate, and carbohydrates, and an unhealthy diet lacking in vegetables are potential causes of PPD. However, the impact of zinc, omega-3 essential fatty acids, and other nutrients such as antioxidants, vitamin E, and vitamin C on PPD is unclear due to conflicting information. Additionally, limited research has been conducted on the association between group B vitamins and PPD.

Conclusions: In conclusion, we can lower the risk of PPD by providing dietary guidance and working with healthcare providers. It is important to pay attention to our diet and make sure we are consuming enough vitamins and nutrients to support our mental health.

Keywords: Depression; diet; diet healthy; food; nutrition; postpartum.

Figure 1

PRISMA flow diagram