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. 2024 Jul 19:15:1312117.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1312117. eCollection 2024.

Coeliac disease and postpartum depression: are they linked? A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Xiaomeng Yu  1 , Mosong Cheng  2 , Jindan Zheng  3
Affiliations

Coeliac disease and postpartum depression: are they linked? A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Xiaomeng Yu et al. Front Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Background: To explore the potential causal associations between coeliac disease(CD) and postpartum depression(PPD) by using two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis.

Methods: The IEU OPEN GWAS project was utilized to identify genetic loci strongly associated with CD as instrumental variables (IVs), and MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting(IVW), weighted median, weighted model, and MR-Egger. MR analyses were used to examine whether there was a link between CD and PPD, with an OR and 95% CI. Meanwhile, the relationship between CD and depression(DP) was analyzed using MR. The sensitivity analysis was conducted using MR-Egger intercept analysis, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis.

Results: From the GWAS online database, 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen as IVs. The IVW results showed a relationship between PPD and a genetically predicted risk of developing CD (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.001-1.044, P = 0.043). However, the presence of DP was not linked with CD (OR=0.991, 95% CI: 0.978-1.003, P=0.151). Potential horizontal pleiotropy was not discovered using MR-Egger intercept analysis (PPD: P=0.725; DP: P=0.785), and Cochran's Q test for heterogeneity revealed no significant heterogeneity (PPD: P=0.486; DP: P=0.909). A leave-one-out analysis found that individual SNPs had minimal effect on overall causal estimations.

Conclusion: MR research discovered a link between CD and PPD.

Keywords: Mendelian randomization; SNPs; coeliac disease; depression; postpartum depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hypotheses for Mendelian randomization design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scatter plot of Mendelian randomization effect size for causal associations. (A) Coeliac disease and postpartum depression; (B) Coeliac disease and depression.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of Mendelian randomization effect sizes for causal associations. PPD, Postpartum depression; DP, Depression; OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Leave-one-out plot to assess if a single variant is driving the association. (A) Coeliac disease and postpartum depression; (B) Coeliac disease and depression.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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