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. 2024 Jul 19:15:1421094.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1421094. eCollection 2024.

Composition of the microbial community in surface flow-constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

Haider Ali  1   2 , Yongen Min  1   2 , Xiaofei Yu  1   2   3 , Yahya Kooch  4 , Phyoe Marnn  1   2 , Sarfraz Ahmed  5   6
Affiliations

Composition of the microbial community in surface flow-constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

Haider Ali et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Traditionally constructed wetlands face significant limitations in treating tailwater from wastewater treatment plants, especially those associated with sugar mills. However, the advent of novel modified surface flow constructed wetlands offer a promising solution. This study aimed to assess the microbial community composition and compare the efficiencies of contaminant removal across different treatment wetlands: CW1 (Brick rubble, lignite, and Lemna minor L.), CW2 (Brick rubble and lignite), and CW3 (Lemna minor L.). The study also examined the impact of substrate and vegetation on the wetland systems. For a hydraulic retention time of 7 days, CW1 successfully removed more pollutants than CW2 and CW3. CW1 demonstrated removal rates of 72.19% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 74.82% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 79.62% for NH4 +-N, 77.84% for NO3 --N, 87.73% for ortho phosphorous (OP), 78% for total dissolved solids (TDS), 74.1% for total nitrogen (TN), 81.07% for total phosphorous (TP), and 72.90% for total suspended solids (TSS). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that CW1 exhibited elevated Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices, with values of 1324.46, 8.8172, and 0.9941, respectively. The most common bacterial species in the wetland system were Proteobacteria, Spirochaetota, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Chloroflexi. The denitrifying bacterial class Rhodobacteriaceae also had the highest content ratio within the wetland system. These results confirm that CW1 significantly improves the performance of water filtration. Therefore, this research provides valuable insights for wastewater treatment facilities aiming to incorporate surface flow-constructed wetland tailwater enhancement initiatives.

Keywords: constructed wetland; crushed bricks; lignite; microbial community; pollutant removal.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage removal of (A) TN, (B) NH4+-N, (C) NO3−-N, (D) OP, (E) TP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage removal of (A) BOD, (B) COD, (C) TSS, (D) TDS.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of microorganisms at different taxon levels in the different SFCW (CW1 in July: july 1, CW1 August: august 1, CW2 in July: july 2, CW2 in August: august 2), (A) phylum level, (B) class level, (C) family Level, (D) genus level.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) PCoA Analysis of microbial community. july 1: at the start of the experiment with plant; july 2: at the start of the experiment without plant; august 1: at the end of the experiment with plant; august 2: at the end of the experiment without plant, (B) Correlation Heat Map Between Microbial Community Composition and Pollutant Removal Efficiency.
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