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. 2024 May 28;15(3):562-568.
doi: 10.1007/s13340-024-00732-7. eCollection 2024 Jul.

Severe periodontal disease in Japanese patients with high HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study

Noboru Kurinami #  1   2   3 , Kenji Ashida #  2 , Seigo Sugiyama  3   4 , Yoko Morito  1 , Akira Yoshida  3 , Kunio Hieshima  3 , Fumio Miyamoto  3 , Keizo Kajiwara  3 , Katsunori Jinnouchi  3 , Hideaki Jinnouchi  3   5 , Masatoshi Nomura  2
Affiliations

Severe periodontal disease in Japanese patients with high HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study

Noboru Kurinami et al. Diabetol Int. .

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma glucose profiles and periodontal disease (PD) severity in men and women.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study, enrolling all eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who regularly visited the outpatient department.

Results: Patients were divided into severe and non-severe PD groups. The severe PD group showed a male predominance and significantly higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than the non-severe PD group. The optimal HbA1c cutoff value on the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting severe PD was 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] (sensitivity, 52%; specificity, 73%; P = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-6.34; P = 0.01) and higher HbA1c levels (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.42-6.70; P < 0 .01) were independently and significantly associated with the presence of severe PD. The prevalence rates of severe PD in patients with HbA1c levels < 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] and HbA1c levels ≥ 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] were 17.4% and 53.3% in women, and 50.0% and 66.7% in men, respectively.

Conclusions: Men with T2DM had a high risk of severe PD independent of HbA1c levels. Plasma glucose management may be crucial for maintaining periodontal health in T2DM patients, particularly in women.

Keywords: Community periodontal index; Oral health; Periodontal disease; Remaining teeth; Sex characteristics; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestHJ has received honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Takeda, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. SS has received honoraria from AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals and Ono Pharmaceutical. The authors declare no other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this study.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Dot plot of HbA1c values in the non-severe and severe PD groups. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using an unpaired t-test. PD periodontal disease, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the optimal HbA1c value for predicting severe PD. The optimal HbA1c cutoff value for predicting the presence of severe PD, defined based on the sensitivity and specificity values, was 7.3% (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program) (AUC, 0.62; standard error, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.71; P = 0.01). AUC area under the curve, PD periodontal disease, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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