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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Aug 5;8(8):CD011120.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011120.pub3.

Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV

Noreen D Mdege  1   2 , Sarwat Shah  1 , Omara Dogar  1   3 , Erica Rm Pool  4 , Peter Weatherburn  5 , Kamran Siddiqi  1   6 , Cosmas Zyambo  7 , Jonathan Livingstone-Banks  8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV

Noreen D Mdege et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of tobacco use among people living with HIV (PLWH) is up to four times higher than in the general population. Unfortunately, tobacco use increases the risk of progression to AIDS and death. Individual- and group-level interventions, and system-change interventions that are effective in helping PLWH stop using tobacco can markedly improve the health and quality of life of this population. However, clear evidence to guide policy and practice is lacking, which hinders the integration of tobacco use cessation interventions into routine HIV care. This is an update of a review that was published in 2016. We include 11 new studies.

Objectives: To assess the benefits, harms and tolerability of interventions for tobacco use cessation among people living with HIV. To compare the benefits, harms and tolerability of interventions for tobacco use cessation that are tailored to the needs of people living with HIV with that of non-tailored cessation interventions.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO in December 2022.

Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of individual-/group-level behavioural or pharmacological interventions, or both, for tobacco use cessation, delivered directly to PLWH aged 18 years and over, who use tobacco. We also included RCTs, quasi-RCTs, other non-randomised controlled studies (e.g. controlled before and after studies), and interrupted time series studies of system-change interventions for tobacco use cessation among PLWH. For system-change interventions, participants could be PLWH receiving care, or staff working in healthcare settings and providing care to PLWH; but studies where intervention delivery was by research personnel were excluded. For both individual-/group-level interventions, and system-change interventions, any comparator was eligible.

Data collection and analysis: We followed standard Cochrane methods, and used GRADE to assess certainty of the evidence. The primary measure of benefit was tobacco use cessation at a minimum of six months. Primary measures for harm were adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). We also measured quit attempts or quit episodes, the receipt of a tobacco use cessation intervention, quality of life, HIV viral load, CD4 count, and the incidence of opportunistic infections.

Main results: We identified 17 studies (16 RCTs and one non-randomised study) with a total of 9959 participants; 11 studies are new to this update. Nine studies contributed to meta-analyses (2741 participants). Fifteen studies evaluated individual-/group-level interventions, and two evaluated system-change interventions. Twelve studies were from the USA, two from Switzerland, and there were single studies for France, Russia and South Africa. All studies focused on cigarette smoking cessation. All studies received funding from independent national- or institutional-level funding. Three studies received study medication free of charge from a pharmaceutical company. Of the 16 RCTs, three were at low risk of bias overall, five were at high risk, and eight were at unclear risk. Behavioural support or system-change interventions versus no or less intensive behavioural support Low-certainty evidence (7 studies, 2314 participants) did not demonstrate a clear benefit for tobacco use cessation rates in PLWH randomised to receive behavioural support compared with brief advice or no intervention: risk ratio (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 1.42, with no evidence of heterogeneity. Abstinence at six months or more was 10% (n = 108/1121) in the control group and 11% (n = 127/1193) in the intervention group. There was no evidence of an effect on tobacco use cessation on system-change interventions: calling the quitline and transferring the call to the patient whilst they are still in hospital ('warm handoff') versus fax referral (RR 3.18, 95% CI 0.76 to 13.99; 1 study, 25 participants; very low-certainty evidence). None of the studies in this comparison assessed SAE. Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no intervention, or another pharmacotherapy Moderate-certainty evidence (2 studies, 427 participants) suggested that varenicline may help more PLWH to quit smoking than placebo (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.62) with no evidence of heterogeneity. Abstinence at six months or more was 7% (n = 14/215) in the placebo control group and 13% (n = 27/212) in the varenicline group. There was no evidence of intervention effects from individual studies on behavioural support plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus brief advice (RR 8.00, 95% CI 0.51 to 126.67; 15 participants; very low-certainty evidence), behavioural support plus NRT versus behavioural support alone (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.92 to 2.36; 560 participants; low-certainty evidence), varenicline versus NRT (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.83; 200 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and cytisine versus NRT (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.11; 200 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Low-certainty evidence (2 studies, 427 participants) did not detect a difference between varenicline and placebo in the proportion of participants experiencing SAEs (8% (n = 17/212) versus 7% (n = 15/215), respectively; RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.22) with no evidence of heterogeneity. Low-certainty evidence from one study indicated similar SAE rates between behavioural support plus NRT and behavioural support only (1.8% (n = 5/279) versus 1.4% (n = 4/281), respectively; RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.34 to 4.64). No studies assessed SAEs for the following: behavioural support plus NRT versus brief advice; varenicline versus NRT and cytisine versus NRT.

Authors' conclusions: There is no clear evidence to support or refute the use of behavioural support over brief advice, one type of behavioural support over another, behavioural support plus NRT over behavioural support alone or brief advice, varenicline over NRT, or cytisine over NRT for tobacco use cessation for six months or more among PLWH. Nor is there clear evidence to support or refute the use of system-change interventions such as warm handoff over fax referral, to increase tobacco use cessation or receipt of cessation interventions among PLWH who use tobacco. However, the results must be considered in the context of the small number of studies included. Varenicline likely helps PLWH to quit smoking for six months or more compared to control. We did not find evidence of difference in SAE rates between varenicline and placebo, although the certainty of the evidence is low.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02840513 NCT00297453 NCT02898597 NCT00551720 NCT00918307 NCT01393301 NCT01898195 NCT02781090 NCT00503230 NCT02072772 NCT00502827.

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Conflict of interest statement

Noreen Mdege (NDM) has published on tobacco use and cessation among people living with HIV, but was not involved in any of the studies included in this review. NDM is a non‐practising registered pharmacist.

Sarwat Shah (SS) is a medical doctor practising in the UK. SS has published on tobacco use and cessation among people living with HIV, but was not involved in any of the studies included in this review.

Omara Dogar (OD) is a non‐practicing medical doctor. OD has published on tobacco use and cessation among people living with HIV, but was not involved in any of the studies included in this review.

Erica Pool (EP) works as an HIV and sexual health doctor at Mortimer Market Centre, UK.

Peter Weatherburn (PW) has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Kamran Siddiqi (KS) is a Professor in Global Public Health at the University of York and Director of an NIHR (National Institute for Health Research)‐funded Group that is to address smokeless tobacco. KS has published on tobacco use and cessation among people living with HIV, but was not involved in any of the studies included in this review. KS has received a research grant (GRAND 2014) from Pfizer, a pharmaceutical company that makes drugs for tobacco cessation, and from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) for the ASTRA (Addressing Smokeless Tobacco and Building Research Capacity in South Asia) Cessation study, which may be included in future updates of this review.

Cosmas Zyambo (CZ) is a medical doctor who has published on tobacco use and cessation among people living with HIV, including an unfunded review on the topic, but was not involved in any of the studies included in this review.

Jonathan Livingston‐Banks (JL‐B) was the Managing Editor of the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group and is now an Associate Editor for Cochrane. He played no role in the editorial process for this review.

Figures

1
1
PRISMA flow diagram for 2023 update
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Behavioural support vs brief advice or no intervention, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Behavioural support vs brief advice or no intervention, Outcome 2: Quit attempts
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Behavioural support + NRT vs brief advice, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Behavioural support vs a different type of behavioural support, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3: Behavioural support vs a different type of behavioural support, Outcome 2: Quit attempts
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4: Behavioural support + NRT vs behavioural support alone, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4: Behavioural support + NRT vs behavioural support alone, Outcome 2: Serious adverse events
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4: Behavioural support + NRT vs behavioural support alone, Outcome 3: All‐cause mortality
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5: Varenicline vs placebo, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5: Varenicline vs placebo, Outcome 2: Adverse events
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5: Varenicline vs placebo, Outcome 3: Serious adverse events
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6: Varenicline vs NRT, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7: Cytisine vs NRT, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8: Different modalities of support, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9: System change interventions: warm handoff versus fax referral, Outcome 1: Tobacco use cessation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

Ashare 2019 {published data only}
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Kim 2018 {published data only}
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Lloyd‐Richardson 2009 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
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    1. NCT00551720. Motivation and patch treatment for HIV-positive smokers (Positive PATHS). ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT00551720 (first received 31 October 2007).
    1. Niaura R, Stanton C, De Dios M, Tashima K. Socialization influences response to motivational enhancement for smoking cessation among HIV + smokers. In: SYM10C; Society For Research On Nicotine and Tobacco 17th Annual Meeting; 2011 Feb 16-19; Toronto (ON). 2011.
    1. Stanton CA, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Papandonatos GD, Niaura R. Smoking reduction among people living with HIV/AIDS: are there associations with short- term health outcomes? In: POS5-111; Society For Research On Nicotine and Tobacco 16th Annual Meeting; 2010 Feb 24-27; Baltimore (MD). 2010.
Mercie 2018 {published data only}
    1. Mercie P, Arsandaux J, Katlama C, Ferret S, Beuscart A, Spadone C, et al. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in people living with HIV in France (ANRS 144 Inter-ACTIV): a randomised controlled phase 3 clinical trial. Lancet. HIV 2018;5(3):e126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30002-X] - DOI - PubMed
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    1. NCT00918307. Efficacy and safety of varenicline among HIV-infected patients (Inter-ACTIV). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct00918307 (first received 11 June 2009).
Mussulman 2018 {published data only}
    1. Mussulman LM, Faseru B, Fitzgerald S, Nazir N, Patel V, Richter KP. A randomized, controlled pilot study of warm handoff versus fax referral for hospital-initiated smoking cessation among people living with HIV/AIDS. Addictive Behaviors 2018;78:205-08. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.035] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Richter KP, Faseru B, Mussulman LM, Ellerbeck EF, Shireman TI, Hunt JJ, et al. Using “warm handoffs” to link hospitalized smokers with tobacco treatment after discharge: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2012;13:127. [DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-127] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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NCT01484340 {published and unpublished data}
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    1. Krishnan N, Gittelsohn J, Ross A, Elf J, Chon S, Niaura R, et al. Qualitative exploration of a smoking cessation trial for people living with HIV in South Africa. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2018;20(9):1117-23. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx139] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01484340. A smoking cessation trial in HIV-infected patients in South Africa. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01484340 (first received 02 December 2011).
O'Cleirigh 2018 {published data only}
    1. NCT01393301. Integrated treatment for smoking cessation & anxiety in people with HIV. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01393301 (first received 13 July 2011).
    1. O'Cleirigh C, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JA, Labbe AK, Coleman JN, Wilner JG, et al. Integrated treatment for smoking cessation, anxiety, and depressed mood in people living with HIV: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2018;79(2):261-8. [DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001787] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shelley 2015 {published and unpublished data}
    1. NCT01898195. Improving adherence to smoking cessation medication among PLWHA (HIV). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01898195 (first received 12 July 2013).
    1. Shelley D, Tseng TY, Gonzalez M, Krebs P, Wong S, Furberg R, et al. Correlates of adherence to varenicline among HIV + smokers: a path analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2015;17(8):968-74. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv068] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tseng TY, Krebs P, Schoenthaler A, Wong S, Sherman S, Gonzalez M, et al. Combining text messaging and telephone counseling to increase varenicline adherence and smoking abstinence among cigarette smokers living with HIV: a randomized controlled study. AIDS and Behavior 2016;21(7):1964-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1538-z] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shuter 2022 {published data only}
    1. NCT02781090. RCT of an internet cessation program plus online social network for HIV+ smokers (PSFW+). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02781090 (first received 24 May 2016).
    1. Shuter J, Chander G, Graham AL, Kim RS, Stanton CA. A randomized trial of a web-based tobacco treatment and online community support for people with HIV attempting to quit smoking cigarettes. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2022;90:223-31. [DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002936] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Stanton 2015 {published and unpublished data}
    1. NCT00503230. Reducing ethnic health disparities: motivating HIV+ Latinos to quit smoking (AURORA). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00503230 (first received 18 July 2007).
    1. Stanton CA, Bicki A, Gould H, Makgoeng S, Papandonatos GD, Shuter J, et al. Does a preference for menthol cigarettes impact smoking patterns and sustained abstinence among Latino smokers living with HIV? In: POS3-75; Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20th Annual Meeting; 2014 Feb 5-8; Seattle (WA). 2014.
    1. Stanton CA, Papandonatos GD, Shuter J, Bicki A, Lloyd-Richardson EE, De Dios MA, et al. Outcomes of a tailored intervention for cigarette smoking cessation among Latinos living with HIV/AIDS. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2015;17(8):975-82. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv014] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Stanton 2020 {published data only}
    1. NCT02072772. A trial of positively smoke free group therapy for HIV-infected smokers. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02072772 (first received 27 February 2014).
    1. Shuter J, Kim RS, Durant S, Stanton CA. Brief report: long-term follow-up of smokers living with HIV after an intensive behavioral tobacco treatment intervention. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2020;84(2):208-12. [DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002330] - DOI - PubMed
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Tindle 2022 {published data only}
    1. NCT02797587. Studying partial-agonists for ethanol and tobacco elimination in Russians with HIV (St PETER HIV). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02797587 (first received 13 June 2016).
    1. Tindle HA, Freiberg MS, Cheng DM, Gnatienko N, Blokhina E, Yaroslavtseva T, et al. Effectiveness of varenicline and cytisine for alcohol use reduction among people with HIV and substance use: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open 2022;5(8):e2225129. [DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.25129] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Vidrine 2012 {published and unpublished data}
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    1. Gritz ER, Vidrine DJ, Marks RM, Danysh HE, Arduino RC. A cell phone-delivered intervention for HIV-positive smokers: project reach out. In: POS3-113; Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 18th Annual Meeting; 2012 Mar 13-16; Houston (TX). 2012.
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    1. Tamí-Maury I, Vidrine D, Fletcher FE, Danysh H, Arduino R, Gritz ER. Impact of innovative smoking cessation interventions for HIV + smokers who are multiple tobacco products users. In: POS2-113; Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 19th Annual Meeting; 2013 Mar 13-16; Boston (MA). 2013.
Wewers 2000 {published data only}
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References to studies excluded from this review

Ashare 2021 {published data only}
    1. Ashare RL, Wileyto EP, Logue-Chamberlain E, Gross R, Tyndale RF, Lerman C, et al. Patterns of lapses and recoveries during a quit attempt using varenicline and behavioral counseling among smokers with and without HIV. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2021;35(7):788-96. - PMC - PubMed
Balfour 2017 {published data only}
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    1. Balfour L, Wiebe SA, Cameron WD, Sandre D, Pipe A, Cooper C, et al. An HIV-tailored quit-smoking counselling pilot intervention targeting depressive symptoms plus nicotine replacement therapy. AIDS care 2017;29(1):24-31. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1201195] - DOI - PubMed
Bean 2018 {published data only}
    1. Bean MC, Richey LE. Impact of substance and alcohol abuse on smoking-related behaviors when using a smoking cessation decisional algorithm among people living with HIV (PLWH). Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018;5 Suppl 1:S221.
Beckett 2019 {published data only}
    1. Beckett S, Richey LE. Implementing a smoking cessation intervention among people living with HIV (PLWH). Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2019;6 Suppl 2:S180.
Brown 2019 {published data only}
    1. Brown J, Kyriacou C, Pickett E, Edwards K, Joshi H, Stewart N, et al. Systematic identification and referral of smokers attending HIV ambulatory care highlights the failure of current service provision in an at-risk population. BMJ Open Respiratory Research 2019;6(1):e000395. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000395] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bui 2020 {published data only}
    1. Bui TC, Pineiro B, Vidrine DJ, Wetter DW, Frank-Pearce SG, Vidrine JI. Quitline treatment enrollment and cessation outcomes among smokers linked with treatment via ask-advise-connect: comparisons among smokers with and without HIV. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2020;22(9):1640-43. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz227] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bui 2021 {published data only}
    1. Bui TC, Sopheab H, Businelle MS, Chhea C, Ly SP, Vidrine JI, et al. Mobile-health intervention for smoking cessation among Cambodian people living with HIV: a mixed-methods pilot study. AIDS Care 2022;34:430-39. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Burkhalter 2013 {published data only}
    1. Burkhalter JE, Corner G, Noy A, Lubetkin E, Guidry J, Kornegay M. Motivational respiratory biomarker feedback cessation intervention for low-income persons living with HIV/AIDS who smoke: intervention pre-testing results. In: POS2-164; Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 19th Annual Meeting; 2013 Mar 13-16; Boston (MA). 2013.
    1. NCT01482923. Feasibility of tobacco assessment and intervention with low-income persons living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA) in community-based AIDS service organizations. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01482923. (first receieved 1 December 2011).
Cangialosi 2020 {published data only}
    1. Cangialosi P, Liotta M, Finkel D, Swaminathan S, Keller S. Disparities in diabetes care: smoking cessation among women and minorities living with HIV at an urban academic medical center. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2020;7 Suppl 1:S363. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.795] - DOI
Chew 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chew D, Steinberg MB, Thomas P, Swaminathan S, Hodder SL. Evaluation of a smoking cessation program for HIV infected individuals in an urban HIV clinic: challenges and lessons learned. AIDS Research and Treatment 2014;2014:237834. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/237834] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cropsey 2013 {published data only}
    1. Cropsey KL, Hendricks PS, Jardin B, Clark CB, Katiyar N, Willig J, et al. A pilot study of screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBIRT) in non-treatment seeking smokers with HIV. Addictive Behaviors 2013;38(10):2541-6. - PMC - PubMed
Cropsey 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cropsey KL, Jardin BF, Burkholder GA, Clark CB, Raper JL, Saag MS. An algorithm approach to determining smoking cessation treatment for persons living with HIV/AIDS: results of a pilot trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2015;69(3):291-8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Valera P, McClernon FJ, Burkholder G, Mugavero MJ, Willig J, O'Cleirigh C, et al. A pilot trial examining African American and white responses to algorithm-guided smoking cessation medication selection in persons living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior 2017;21:1975-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1634-0] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cropsey 2020 {published data only}
    1. Cropsey KL, Bean MC, Haynes L, Carpenter MJ, Richey LE. Delivery and implementation of an algorithm for smoking cessation treatment for people living with HIV and AIDS. AIDS Care 2020;32(2):223-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1626340] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cui 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cui Q, Robinson L, Elston D, Smaill F, Cohen J, Quan C, et al. Safety and tolerability of varenicline tartrate (Champix(®)/Chantix(®)) for smoking cessation in HIV-infected subjects: a pilot open-label study. AIDS Patient Care and STDS 2012;26(1):12-9. - PMC - PubMed
Drach 2010 {published data only}
    1. Drach L, Holbert T, Maher J, Fox V, Schubert S, Saddler LC. Integrating smoking cessation into HIV care. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2010;24(3):139-40. [DOI: 10.1089/apc.2009.0274] - DOI - PubMed
Elzi 2006 {published data only}
    1. Elzi L, Spoerl D, Voggensperger J, Nicca D, Simcock M, Bucher HC, et al. A smoking cessation programme in HIV-infected individuals: a pilot study. Antiviral Therapy 2006;11(6):787-95. - PubMed
Ferketich 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ferketich AK, Diaz P, Browning KK, Lu B, Koletar SL, Reynolds NR, et al. Safety of varenicline among smokers enrolled in the lung HIV study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2013;15(1):247-54. - PMC - PubMed
Golden 2006 {published data only}
    1. Golden MP, DeCerbo DC, Weissman S. Smoking cessation intervention in an urban HIV clinic. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management 2006;13(1):30-8.
Healey 2015 {published data only}
    1. Healey LM, Michaels C, Bittoun R, Templeton DJ. Efficacy and acceptability of an intervention for tobacco smoking cessation in HIV-positive individuals at a public sexual health clinic. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2015;91(2):105. - PubMed
Himelhoch 2021 {published data only}
    1. Himelhoch S, Njie-Carr VP, Peeples A, Awuah C, Federline A, Morton I. Evaluation of smoking cessation interventions for veterans in HIV clinics in the United States: a theory-informed concurrent mixed-method study. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine 2021;9(1):724-40. - PMC - PubMed
Ingersoll 2005 {published data only}
    1. Ingersoll KS, Cropsey KL, Heckman CJ. Reducing smoking among people with HIV: outcomes and lessons from three pilot projects. In: Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 11th Annual Meeting; 2005 Mar 20-23; Prague, Czech Republic. 2005.
Ingersoll 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ingersoll KS, Cropsey KL, Heckman CJ. A test of motivational plus nicotine replacement interventions for HIV positive smokers. AIDS and Behavior 2009;13(3):545-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10461-007-9334-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kierstead 2021 {published data only}
    1. Kierstead EC, Harvey E, Sanchez D, Horn K, Abroms LC, Spielberg F, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a tailored smoking cessation program for people living with HIV in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. BMC Research Notes 2021;14(2):1-7. [DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05417-3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT04594109. Development of a tailored smoking cessation program for individuals with HIV infection in Washington, DC. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04594109 (first received 20 October 2020).
Kim 2020 {published data only}
    1. Kim SS, Lee SA, Mejia J, Cooley ME, Demarco RF. Pilot randomized controlled trial of a digital storytelling intervention for smoking cessation in women living with HIV. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2020;54(6):447-54. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT03289676. Storytelling narrative communication intervention for smoking cessation in women living with HIV (WISE). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03289676 (first receieved 21 September 2017).
Kyriacou 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kyriacou C, Stewart N, Melville A, Brown J, Edwards K, Lloyd R, et al. Feasibility and uptake of enhanced smoking cessation services within ambulatory HIV care. Thorax 2015;70 Suppl 3:A47-48.
Lazev 2004 {published data only}
    1. Lazev A, Vidrine D, Arduino R, Gritz E. Increasing access to smoking cessation treatment in a low-income, HIV-positive population: the feasibility of using cellular telephones. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2004;6(2):281-6. - PubMed
Le 2015 {published data only}
    1. Le GM, Nguyen H, Tran H, Bart G, Rieckmann TR, Tran H, et al. Assist in HIV/AIDS service settings: comparison of self-screening and peer-support screening method. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2015;100(156):e123.
Ledgerwood 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ledgerwood DM, Lundahl LH, Greenwald M, Arfken CL, Tancer ME, Cohn JA. Prize contingency management for smoking cessation among people living with HIV/AIDS: preliminary analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2015;100(156):e124-5.
Manuel 2013 {published data only}
    1. Manuel JK, Lum PJ, Hengl NS, Sorensen JL. Smoking cessation interventions with female smokers living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized pilot study of motivational interviewing. AIDS Care 2013;25(7):820-7. - PMC - PubMed
Marhefka 2018 {published data only}
    1. Marhefka SL, Turner D, Lockhart E, Rivara A, Wang W, Shuter J. Meeting our patients "where they are": video-group smoking cessation for people living with HIV. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2018;29(2):338-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2017.09.007] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Matthews 2013 {published data only}
    1. Matthews AK, Conrad M, Kuhns L, Vargas M, King AC. Project Exhale: preliminary evaluation of a tailored smoking cessation treatment for HIV-positive African American smokers. AIDS Patient Care and STDS 2013;27(1):22-32. - PubMed
Moadel 2012 {published data only}
    1. Moadel AB, Bernstein SL, Mermelstein RJ, Arnsten JH, Dolce EH, Shuter J. A randomized controlled trial of a tailored group smoking cessation intervention for HIV-infected smokers. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2012;61(2):208-15. [DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182645679] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01106638. A trial to test the efficacy of a tailored intensive smoking cessation intervention in persons with HIV (PWHs). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01106638 (first received 20 April 2010).
NCT00701896 {published data only}
    1. NCT00701896. Smoking cessation using motivational therapy and varenicline. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct00701896 (first received 19 June 2008).
NCT00918073 {published data only}
    1. NCT00918073. Evaluation of cardiovascular effects of smoking cessation in HIV patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct00918073 (first received 11 June 2009).
NCT01363245 {published data only}
    1. NCT01363245. Effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions for urban hospital patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01363245 (first received 1 June 2011).
NCT02190643 {published data only}
    1. NCT02190643. Improving nicotine patch adherence among Latino HIV-positive smokers. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02190643 (first received 15 July 2014).
NCT02302859 {published data only}
    1. NCT02302859. Mobile Media-Rich Interactive Guideline System (MMRIGS) pilot study. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02302859 (first received 27 November 2015).
NCT02600273 {published data only}
    1. NCT02600273. Novel approaches to reducing tobacco related harm. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02600273 (first received 9 Novmeber 2015).
NCT02840513 {published data only}
    1. NCT02840513. Smartphone app and CO self-monitoring for smoking cessation (SMART-CO). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02840513 (first received 27 July 2016).
NCT03082482 {published data only}
    1. NCT03082482. Smartphone-delivered automated video-assisted smoking treatment for people living with HIV (AVAST-HIV). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03082482 (first received 17 March 2017).
NCT03580460 {published data only}
    1. NCT03580460. Cultural adaptation and piloting of a smoking cessation intervention for smokers with HIV. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03580460 (first received 19 July 2018).
NCT03999411 {published data only}
    1. NCT03999411. Smartphone intervention for smoking cessation and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03999411 (first received 26 June 2019).
NCT04191278 {published data only}
    1. NCT04191278. Mobile health interventions for medication adherence among PLWH (HIVSMART). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04191278 (first received 9 December 2019).
NCT04566159 {published data only}
    1. NCT04566159. Computer delivered and community health worker supported smoking cessation intervention. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04566159 (first received 28 December 2020).
NCT04609514 {published data only}
    1. NCT04609514. Learn to quit-HIV pilot study. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04609514 (first received 30 October 2020).
NCT04936594 {published data only}
    1. NCT04936594. TMS for smoking cessation in PLWHA cessation in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04936594 (first received 23 June 2021).
NCT05295953 {published data only}
    1. NCT05295953. Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for smoking cessation in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05295953 (first received 25 March 2022).
Orr 2018 {published data only}
    1. Orr MF, Smith CL, Finlay M, Martin SC, Brooks O, Oluwoye OA, et al. Pilot investigation: randomized-controlled analog trial for alcohol and tobacco smoking co-addiction using contingency management. Behavioural Pharmacology 2018;29(5):462-68. - PMC - PubMed
Pacek 2017 {published data only}
    1. Pacek LR, Rass O, Johnson MW. Positive smoking cessation-related interactions with HIV care providers increase the likelihood of interest in cessation among HIV-positive cigarette smokers. AIDS care 2017;29(10):1309-14. - PMC - PubMed
Parienti 2017 {published data only}
    1. Parienti JJ, Merzougui Z, la Blanchardiere A, Dargere S, Feret P, Le Maitre B, et al. A pilot study of tobacco screening and referral for smoking cessation program among HIV-infected patients in France. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care 2017;16(5):467-74. - PubMed
Ramesh Kumar 2017 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2009/091/000962. A clinical trial to study the effects of doctors advice to stop smoking in TB and HIV patients [Study to evaluate the effect of physicians advice in quitting smoking in HIV and TB patients in South India - a pilot study]. ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=MTEwOA==&Enc=&us... (first received 14 December 2009).
    1. Kumar SR, Pooranagangadevi N, Rajendran M, Mayer K, Flanigan T, Niaura R, et al. Physician's advice on quitting smoking in HIV and TB patients in south India: a randomised clinical trial. Public Health Action 2017;7(1):39-45. [DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0045] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ronquillo 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ronquillo C, Currie L, Rowsell D, Phillips JC. Using rapid prototyping to design a smoking cessation website with end-users. Nursing Informatics 2016;225:940-1. - PubMed
Satterfield 2017 {published data only}
    1. Satterfield J, Gregorich S, Vijayarhagavan M, Alvarado N, Munoz R, Kullieva G. Computer-facilitated 5A's for tobacco addiction: the promise of digital health. Journal of Addiction Medicine 2017;11(3):E18.
Shuter 2014 {published data only}
    1. NCT01570595. Positively Smoke Free on the Web (PSFW) for smokers living with HIV (PSFW). clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01570595 (first received 4 April 2012).
    1. Shuter J, Morales DA, Considine-Dunn SE, An LC, Stanton CA. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a web-based smoking cessation intervention for HIV-infected smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2014;67(1):59-66. - PMC - PubMed
Shuter 2020 {published data only}
    1. NCT02432482. A mobile intervention to promote cessation in HIV-infected smokers. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02432482 (first received 4 May 2015).
    1. Shuter J, Kim RS, An LC, Abroms LC. Feasibility of a smartphone-based tobacco treatment for HIV-infected smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2020;22(3):398-407. - PMC - PubMed
Tornero 2009 {published data only}
    1. Tornero C, Mafé C. Varenicline and antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2009;52(2):656. - PubMed
Tsima 2020 {published data only}
    1. Tsima BM, Moedi P, Maunge J, Machangane K, Kgogwane M, Mudojwa T, et al. Feasibility of implementing a novel behavioural smoking cessation intervention amongst human immunodeficiency virus-infected smokers in a resource-limited setting: a single-arm pilot trial. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 2020;21(1):1075. - PMC - PubMed
Tucker 2017 {published data only}
    1. Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Galvan FH, Naranjo D, Lopez C, Setodji C. Pilot evaluation of a brief intervention to improve nicotine patch adherence among smokers living with HIV/AIDS. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2017;31(2):148-53. - PMC - PubMed
Vidrine 2006 {published data only}
    1. Vidrine DJ, Arduino RC, Gritz ER. Impact of a cell phone intervention on mediating mechanisms of smoking cessation in individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2006;8 Suppl 1:S103-8. - PubMed
    1. Vidrine DJ, Arduino RC, Gritz ER. Impact of a cell phone intervention on potential mechanisms of change in smokers living with HIV/AIDS. In: POS1-67; Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 12th Annual Meeting; 2006 Feb 15-18; Orlando (FL). 2006.
    1. Vidrine DJ, Arduino RC, Lazev AB, Gritz ER. A randomized trial of a proactive cellular telephone intervention for smokers living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 2006;20(2):253-60. - PubMed
    1. Vidrine DJ, Lazev AB, Mehta NV, Arduino RC, Gritz ER. A randomized trial of a proactive cellular telephone cessation intervention for smokers living with HIV/AIDS: preliminary findings. In: Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 11th Annual Meeting; 2005 Mar 20-23; Czech Republic. 2005.
    1. Vidrine DJ, Mehta NV, Gritz ER, Arduino RC. Effects of smoking cessation on symptom status among persons living with HIV/AIDS. In: POS1-104; Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 13th Annual Meeting; 2007 Feb 21-24; Austin (TX). 2007.
Vijayaraghavan 2017 {published data only}
    1. Vijayaraghavan M, Yuan P, Gregorich S, Lum P, Appelle N, Napoles AM, et al. Disparities in receipt of 5As for smoking cessation in diverse primary care and HIV clinics. Preventive Medicine Reports 2017;6:80-7. - PMC - PubMed
Voggensperger 2003 {published data only}
    1. Voggensperger J, Nicca D, Battegay M, Zellweger JP, Spirig R. Smoking cessation for HIV infected patients. Pflege 2003;16(5):283-8. - PubMed
Yadegarynia 2017 {published data only}
    1. Pourkaveh B, Yadegarynia D. Immediate smoking cessation among people living with HIV. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2017;12(2):e62765.
Zwiebel 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zweibel MA, Hughes V. Smoking cessation program in one New York City clinic for people with HIV infection. In: XVII International AIDS Conference; 2008 Aug 3-8; Mexico City. 2008.
    1. Zwiebel MA, Hughes V. Smoking cessation efforts in one New York city HIV clinic. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2010;21(1):11-5. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Warner 2020 {published data only}
    1. Warner A, Culberson T, Nimmons K, Jones D, Stinson C. Dental provider led, personalized tobacco cessation for people living with HIV. In: 2020 IADR/AADR/CADR General Session; 2020; Mar 18-21; Washington DC. 2020:1205. [WEBSITE: iadr.abstractarchives.com/abstract/20iags-3328967/dental-provider-led-pe...

References to ongoing studies

Cioe 2021 {published data only}
    1. Cioe PA, Pinkston M, Tashima KT, Kahler CW. Peer navigation for smoking cessation in smokers with HIV: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;110:106435. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT04327921. A peer navigator model to improve quit attempts and smoking cessation rates among HIV-positive smoker (P-NAV). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04327921 (first received 31 March 2020).
Côté 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cote J, Cossette S, Ramirez Garcia P, Rouleau G, Auger P, Boudreau F. Development of a tailored virtual intervention based on intervention mapping to promote positive health behaviours among persons living with HIV: AIDES-TAVIE. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2014;25:109A.
    1. Côté J, Cossette S, Ramirez-Garcia P, De Pokomandy A, Worthington C, Gagnon MP, et al. Evaluation of a web-based tailored intervention (TAVIE en santé) to support people living with HIV in the adoption of health promoting behaviours: an online randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1-12. - PMC - PubMed
Edelman 2021 {published data only}
    1. Edelman EJ, Dziura J, Deng Y, Bold KW, Murphy SM, Porter E, et al. A SMARTTT approach to treating tobacco use disorder in persons with HIV (SMARTTT): rationale and design for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;110:106379. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT04490057. A smart approach to treating tobacco use disorder in persons living with HIV (SMARTTT). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04490057 (first received 28 July 2020).
Garey 2021 {published data only}
    1. Garey L, Wirtz MR, Labbe AK, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JA, Giordano TP, et al. Evaluation of an integrated treatment to address smoking cessation and anxiety/depressive symptoms among people living with HIV: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;106:106420. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT03904186. Effectiveness of an integrated treatment to address smoking cessation and anxiety/ depression in people living with HIV. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct03904186 (first received 5 April 2019).
Marhefka 2021 {published data only}
    1. Marhefka S, Lockhart E, Chen H, Meng H, Ortiz MR, Powell B, et al. A tailored telehealth group tobacco cessation treatment program for people with HIV: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;110:106475. - PubMed
McClure 2021 {published data only}
    1. McClure JB, Catz SL, Chalal C, Ciuffetelli R, Coggeshall S, DeFaccio RJ, et al. Design and methods of a randomized trial testing the novel Wellness Intervention for Smokers Living with HIV (WISH). Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;110:106486. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT04505371. Improving the reach & effectiveness of smoking cessation services targeted to veterans living with HIV (WISH). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04505371 (first received 10 July 2020).
McKetchnie 2021 {published data only}
    1. McKetchnie SM, O'Cleirigh C, Crane HM, Hill SV, Prior D, Peretti M, et al. Effectiveness of a smoking cessation algorithm integrated into HIV primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;110:106551. - PMC - PubMed
NCT01800019 {published data only}
    1. NCT01800019. The Canadian HIV Quit Smoking Trial: tackling the co-morbidities of depression and cardiovascular disease in HIV+ smokers (CANQUIT). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01800019 (first received 27 February 2013).
NCT01886924 {published data only}
    1. NCT01886924. Computer MI for tobacco quitline engagement in smokers living with HIV (MI-HIV). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01886924 (first received 26 June 2013).
NCT01965405 {published data only}
    1. NCT01965405. Smoking cessation for people living with HIV/AIDS. clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01965405 (first received 18 October 2013).
NCT02460900 {published data only}
    1. NCT02460900. Optimizing smoking cessation for people with HIV/AIDS who smoke. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02460900 (first received 3 June 2015).
NCT02982772 {published data only}
    1. NCT02982772. Patch study - intervention for HIV positive smokers. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02982772 (first received 5 December 2016).
NCT03342027 {published data only}
    1. NCT03342027. Smoking cessation interventions for people living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03342027 (first received 14 November 2017).
NCT03670316 {published data only}
    1. NCT03670316. Effectiveness of a smoking cessation algorithm integrated into HIV primary care. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03670316 (first received 13 September 2018).
NCT04176172 {published data only}
    1. NCT04176172. Optimizing tobacco use treatment for PLWHA (HTO). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04176172 (first received 25 November 2019).
    1. Quinn Mackenzie H, Bauer A-M, Fox EN, Hatzell J, Randle T, Purnell J, et al. Rationale and design of a randomized factorial clinical trial of pharmacogenetic and adherence optimization strategies to promote tobacco cessation among persons with HIV. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021;110:106410. - PMC - PubMed
NCT04532970 {published data only}
    1. NCT04532970. BAPS in Botswana: the Thotloetso Trial (BOTS). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04532970 (first received 31 August 2020).
NCT04725617 {published data only}
    1. NCT04725617. Wellness intervention for smoking and HIV (WISH). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04725617 (first received 27 January 2021).
NCT04808609 {published data only}
    1. NCT04808609. Smoking cessation pilot for people living with HIV (PLWH). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04808609 (first received 22 March 2021).
NCT04994444 {published data only}
    1. NCT04994444. Preloading with nicotine replacement therapy in HIV-positive smokers to improve self-efficacy and quit attempts. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04994444 (first received 6 August 2021).
NCT05019495 {published data only}
    1. NCT05019495. Optimizing tobacco treatment delivery for people living with HIV. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05019495 (first received 24 August 2021).
NCT05020899 {published data only}
    1. NCT05020899. Quit for life (QFL): Smoking cessation among chinese smokers living with HIV (QFL). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05020899 (first received 25 August 2021).
NCT05030766 {published data only}
    1. NCT05030766. Testing integrative smoking cessation for hispanic HIV patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05030766 (first received 1 September 2021).
NCT05162911 {published data only}
    1. NCT05162911. Implementing tobacco use treatment in HIV clinics Vietnam (Vquit). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05162911 (first received 17 December 2021).
NCT05339659 {published data only}
    1. NCT05339659. Randomized pilot study of a mHealth App for ambivalent smokers living with HIV. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05339659 (first received 21 April 2022).
Vidrine 2021 {published data only}
    1. NCT05014282. Automated video-assisted smoking treatment for people living with HIV. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05014282 (first received 20 August 2021).
    1. Vidrine DJ, Bui TC, Businelle MS, Shih YC, Sutton SK, Shahani L, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of automated smoking treatment for people with HIV: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols 2021;10(11):e33183. - PMC - PubMed

Additional references

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008
    1. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Systems change: treating tobacco use and dependence; 2008 (content last reviewed December 2012). www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/decisionmakers/systems/index.....
Benard 2007
    1. Benard A, Bonnet F, Tessier JF, Fossoux H, Dupon M, Mercie P, et al. Tobacco addiction and HIV infection: toward the implementation of cessation programs. ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2007;21(7):458-68. - PubMed
Bronner 2016
    1. Bronner Murrison L, Martinson N, Moloney RM, Msandiwa R, Mashabela M, Samet JM, et al. Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis among men living with HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa: a case-control study. PloS One 2016;11(11):e0167133. - PMC - PubMed
Carson‐Chahhoud 2019
    1. Carson-Chahhoud KV, Livingstone-Banks J, Sharrad KJ, Kopsaftis Z, Brinn MP, To ANan R, et al. Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 10. Art. No: CD003698. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003698.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Clair 2019
    1. Clair C, Mueller Y, Livingstone-Banks J, Burnand B, Camain JY, Cornuz J, et al. Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 3. Art. No: CD004705. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004705.pub5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Covidence [Computer program]
    1. Covidence. Version accessed on 25 April 2023. Melbourne, Australia: Veritas Health Innovation, 2023. Available at https://www.covidence.org.
Deeks 2022
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Associated data