Disability Mortality Disparity: Risk Of Mortality For Disabled Adults Nearly Twice That For Nondisabled Adults, 2008-19

Abstract

After years of advocacy by the disability community and allied organizations, on September 26, 2023, the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) designated disabled people as a health disparities population in the US. During its deliberations, the NIMHD emphasized that there was not sufficient empirical evidence on health disparities between disabled and nondisabled adults. My study addressed this gap by examining 2008-19 data from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files on people ages eighteen and older to identify, categorize, and quantify disparities in mortality risk among disabled and nondisabled adults. The risk of mortality during the study period was 1.9 times higher overall for disabled compared with nondisabled adults. The risk increased with the number of reported disabilities and varied by disability category. These findings underscore the need to improve access to high-quality, evidence-based health care among disabled people. To gain a full understanding of the scope of disparity and the interventions needed to mitigate it, it is critical to develop more equitable and inclusive measures of disability and ableism for use in population health surveys.