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Review
. 2024 Sep;20(9):6615-6621.
doi: 10.1002/alz.14162. Epub 2024 Aug 8.

Design and validation of the ADNI MR protocol

Arvin Arani  1 , Bret Borowski  1 , John Felmlee  1 , Robert I Reid  1 , David L Thomas  2 , Jeffrey L Gunter  1 , Lara Stables  3 , Randy L Buckner  4 , Youngkyoo Jung  5 , Duygu Tosun  3 , Michael Weiner  3 , Clifford R Jack Jr  1 ; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Affiliations
Review

Design and validation of the ADNI MR protocol

Arvin Arani et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Phase four of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI4) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols aim to maintain longitudinal consistency across two decades of data acquisition, while adopting new technologies. Here we describe and justify the study's design and targeted biomarkers. The ADNI4 MRI protocol includes nine MRI sequences. Some sequences require the latest hardware and software system upgrades and are continuously rolled out as they become available at each site. The main sequence additions/changes in ADNI4 are: (1) compressed sensing (CS) T1-weighting, (2) pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) on all three vendors (GE, Siemens, Philips), (3) multiple-post-labeling-delay ASL, (4) 1 mm3 isotropic 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and (5) CS 3D T2-weighted. ADNI4 aims to help the neuroimaging community extract valuable imaging biomarkers and provide a database to test the impact of advanced imaging strategies on diagnostic accuracy and disease sensitivity among individuals lying on the cognitively normal to impaired spectrum. HIGHLIGHTS: A summary of MRI protocols for phase four of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI 4). The design and justification for the ADNI 4 MRI protocols. Compressed sensing and multi-band advances have been applied to improve scan time. ADNI4 protocols aim to streamline safety screening and therapy monitoring. The ADNI4 database will be a valuable test bed for academic research.

Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities monitoring; clinical neuroimaging; magnetic resonance imaging protocols; neuroimaging; patient screening.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Arani, Mr. Borowski, Mr. Felmlee, Dr. Reid, Dr. Thomas, Dr. Gunter, Dr. Stables, Dr. Buckner, Dr. Jung, Dr. Tosun, and Dr. Jack have no conflicts to declare. Dr. Jack, Dr. Arani, Mr. Borowski, Mr. Felmlee, Dr. Reid, and Dr. Gunter are employed by Mayo Clinic. Within the past 36 months, Dr. Jack has served on a DSMB for Roche pro bono; no payments to the individual or institution were involved. He has received funding from the Alzheimer's Association for travel. In addition, he holds index funds. Dr. Thomas is supported by the UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. Dr. Weiner serves on editorial boards for Alzheimer's & Dementia, MRI, and TMRI. He has served on advisory boards for Acumen Pharmaceutical, ADNI, Alzheon, Inc., Biogen, Brain Health Registry, Cerecin, Dolby Family Ventures, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., National Institute on Aging(NIA),Nestle/Nestec, PCORI/PPRN, Roche, University of Southern California (USC), and NervGen. He has provided consulting to Baird Equity Capital, BioClinica, Cerecin, Inc., Cytox, Dolby Family Ventures, Duke University, Eisai, FUJIFILM‐Toyama Chemical (Japan), Garfield Weston, Genentech, Guide point Global, Indiana University, Japanese Organization for Medical Device Development, Inc. (JOMDD), Medscape, Nestle/Nestec, NIH, Peerview Internal Medicine, Roche, T3D Therapeutics, University of Southern California (USC), and Vida Ventures. He has acted as a speaker/lecturer to The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, China Association for Alzheimer's Disease (CAAD), Japan Society for Dementia Research, and Korean Dementia Society. He holds stock options with Alzheon, Inc., Alzeca, and Anven. The following entities have provided funding for academic travel: University of Southern California (USC), NervGen, ASFNR, and CTAD Congress. Author disclosures are available in the supporting information.

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