Factors improving the diagnostic performance of targeted biopsies in the diagnosis of significant prostate cancer

Abstract

Introduction: MRI-targeted biopsy improves detection of significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and grade prediction. The aim of this study was to identify factors improving the diagnostic performance of targeted biopsies (TB) in detecting csPCa.

Methods: Retrospective monocenter study of patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) and diagnosed by transrectal combined biopsies (CB) with elastic MRI/ultrasound fusion. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of standardized (SB), targeted (TB) and CB for csPCa, including sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve. Univariables and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze factors improving the diagnostic performance of TB in detecting csPCa on final histopathology.

Results: Two hundred and four men underwent RP after CB with suspicious lesions (PI-RADS≥3) on MRI were included. csPCa was significantly associated with prostate volume, PSA density, a lesion index in the peripheral zone, with a diameter≥7mm. TB were positives for 174 patients (85.3%). Prostate volume, PSA density, radiological coherence, previous biopsies, and a number of biopsies≥3 were significantly associated with a cancer detection. csPCa on TB, a prostate volume<60mL, an index lesion≥7mm and a peripheral zone location were significant predictive factors for diagnostic of csPCa on final histopathology. Area under the ROC curve values, sensitivities and specificities of CB and TB (adjusted model) were 0.78 [0.72-0.84], 77.3 [70.3-83.4], 78.1 [60-90.7], and 0.85 [0.79-0.90], 83.7 [77.3-88.9] and 75 [56.6-88.5] respectively.

Conclusion: This study confirms the benefit of CB and suggests that TB for a selected population could be as effective as CB.

Keywords: Biopsies; Biopsy; Cancer de prostate; Ciblées; Fusion IRM/échographie; MRI/US fusion; Prostate cancer; Targeted.