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. 2024 Aug 8;25(1):45.
doi: 10.1186/s40360-024-00773-3.

A cross-sectional study on metoprolol concentrations in various biological samples and their inter-correlations

Jalil Houshyar #  1   2 , Nastaran Hashemzadeh #  3 , Maryam Khoubnasabjafari  4   5 , Amirreza Jabbaripour Sarmadian  6 , Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki  7   8 , Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam  9 , Elnaz Marzi Khosrowshahi  9 , Abolghasem Jouyban  10
Affiliations

A cross-sectional study on metoprolol concentrations in various biological samples and their inter-correlations

Jalil Houshyar et al. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. .

Abstract

Background: Concentrations of metoprolol in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) have not been investigated. Herein, we aim to determine the metoprolol levels in EBC, plasma, and urine samples.

Methods: Biological samples were collected from 39 patients receiving metoprolol. Metoprolol was determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometery. The obtained metoprolol levels in biological fluids were investigated for possible inter-correlations.

Results: Acceptable linearity was obtained with coefficient of determinations equal to 0.9998, 0.9941, and 0.9963 for EBC, plasma, and urine samples, respectively. The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 0.6-500, 0.4-500, and 0.7-10,000 µg·L- 1 regarding EBC, plasma, and urine samples, respectively. The detection and quantification limits were (0.18, 0.12, and 0.21 µg·L- 1) and (0.60, 0.40, and 0.70 µg·L- 1) for EBC, plasma, and urine samples, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the intra- and inter-day replications were obtained between 5.2 and 6.1 and 3.3-4.6%, respectively. The obtained mean metoprolol levels in EBC, plasma, and urine samples of 39 patients were 5.35, 70.76, and 1943.1 µg·L- 1. There were correlations between daily dose and plasma and urinary concentrations of metoprolol in the investigated samples, whereas no significant correlation was observed for daily dose and EBC levels. The correlation among plasma-urine levels was significant, however, the non-significant correlation was obtained between plasma and EBC concentrations.

Conclusion: Metoprolol levels varied widely due to the metabolic pattern of the Azeri population, different dosages received by the patients, formulation effects, age, sex, and interactions with the co-administered drugs. A poor correlation of EBC-plasma concentrations and a significant correlation of plasma-urine concentrations were observed. Further investigations are required to provide the updated services to personalized medicine departments.

Keywords: Correlations; Drug monitoring; Exhaled breath condensate; HPLC; Metoprolol; Plasma; Preconcentration; Urine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Typical LC-MS/MS analysis of metoprolol in (A) EBC, (B) plasma, and (C) urine after injection of 50 µL of the samples obtained from patients by the presented method
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Metoprolol concentrations in EBC versus administered daily dose
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Metoprolol concentrations in plasma versus administered daily dose
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Metoprolol concentrations in urine versus administered daily dose
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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