Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jul-Aug;70(7-8):456-461.
doi: 10.46747/cfp.700708456.

Hypergranulation management following penile inversion vaginoplasty

Emery Potter  1 , Gresha Shah  2 , Yonah Krakowsky  3 , Kathleen Armstrong  4 , Taylor Remondini  5 , Nahir Anashara  6 , Alexandra Millman  7
Affiliations
Review

Hypergranulation management following penile inversion vaginoplasty

Emery Potter et al. Can Fam Physician. 2024 Jul-Aug.

Abstract
in English, French

Objective: To summarize current knowledge regarding management of hypergranulation in the context of gender-affirming vaginoplasty.

Sources of information: There have been no studies to date examining hypergranulation treatment options following vaginoplasty. Evidence from the literature on this complication in other settings and the opinions of authorities and experts in this area were used to inform this review.

Main message: Hypergranulation is a common complication of vaginoplasty, but many care providers may not know how to identify or treat it. This short report will review hypergranulation after vaginoplasty, including risk factors, identification, and treatment options such as douching, silver nitrate, and topical steroids.

Conclusion: By increasing clinicians' knowledge of this pervasive complication, patients' postsurgical care and outcomes can be improved.

Objectif: Résumer les connaissances actuelles sur la prise en charge de l’hypergranulation dans le contexte d’une vaginoplastie d’affirmation de genre.

Sources de l’information: Aucune étude n’a examiné jusqu’à présent les options de traitement de l’hypergranulation consécutive à une vaginoplastie. Les données probantes issues de la littérature sur cette complication dans d’autres contextes, et l’avis d’autorités et d’experts du domaine ont servi à éclairer les lignes directrices présentées dans cette revue.

Message principal: L’hypergranulation est une complication fréquente de la vaginoplastie, mais beaucoup de fournisseurs de soins peuvent ne pas savoir comment la détecter ou la traiter. Ce bref rapport examine l’hypergranulation consécutive à la vaginoplastie, y compris les facteurs de risque, sa détection et les options de traitement, comme la douche vaginale, le nitrate d’argent et les stéroïdes topiques.

Conclusion: En augmentant les connaissances des cliniciens sur cette complication répandue, on peut améliorer les soins postopératoires et les résultats des patientes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Hypergranulation following penile inversion vaginoplasty
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Hypergranulation management algorithm
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Nolan IT, Kuhner CJ, Dy GW.. Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery. Transl Androl Urol 2019;8(3):184-90. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bustos SS, Bustos VP, Mascaro A, Ciudad P, Forte AJ, Del Corral G, et al. Complications and patient-reported outcomes in transfemale vaginoplasty: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2021;9(3):e3510. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Manrique OJ, Adabi K, Martinez-Jorge J, Ciudad P, Nicoli F, Kiranantawat K.. Complications and patient-reported outcomes in male-to-female vaginoplasty—where we are today: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Plast Surg 2018;80(6):684-91. - PubMed
    1. Buncamper ME, van der Sluis WB, van der Pas RSD, Özer M, Smit JM, Witte BI, et al. Surgical outcome after penile inversion vaginoplasty: a retrospective study of 475 transgender women. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016;138(5):999-1007. - PubMed
    1. Hontscharuk R, Alba B, Hamidian Jahromi A, Schechter L.. Penile inversion vaginoplasty outcomes: complications and satisfaction. Andrology 2021;9(6):1732-43. Epub 2021 May 27. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources