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. 2024 Aug 4;17(15):3860.
doi: 10.3390/ma17153860.

Tension Capacity of Crushed Limestone-Cement Grout

Muawia Dafalla  1 , Ahmed M Al-Mahbashi  1 , Ahmed Alnuaim  1
Affiliations

Tension Capacity of Crushed Limestone-Cement Grout

Muawia Dafalla et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The feasibility of using crushed limestone instead of sand in cement grout is examined in this work. This study entails performing several tests, including the Brazilian test, the compressive strength test, and the stress-strain correlation test. The curing times used were 7, 14, and 28 days for mixtures with various proportions of cement to limestone (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). The conventional sand-cement grout laboratory tests were prepared using a similar methodology to examine the effectiveness of the suggested substitute. The findings show that the limestone-based grout has sufficient strength, but that it is less than that of the typical sand material. The values of the tensile strength and elastic modulus were determined. A focus was made on the tensile strength and stress-strain relationship. A special laboratory set-up was used to look at the progress of failure using strain gauges fitted to the cylindrical samples both vertically and horizontally. The angular shape of the particles' ability to interlock is responsible for the material's increase in strength. According to this study, crushed limestone can be used as a substitute for sand in circumstances where sand supply is constrained. The suggested grout can be used in the shotcrete of tunnels and rock surfaces.

Keywords: compressive strength; grout; limestone; stress–strain relationship.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The particle size distribution of the crushed limestone.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The prepared specimens after casting.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fitted strain gauges and compression machine set-up.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Load versus deformation at curing times of (a) 7 days, (b) 14 days, and (c) 28 days.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Typical failure mode for tensile and compression tests of limestone–cement grout.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Vertical displacement versus load in Brazilian tests.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Vertical and lateral strains during split tests (strain gauges), 1C:1LS.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Vertical and lateral strains during split tests (strain gauges), 1C:1.2LS.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Vertical and lateral strains during split tests (strain gauges), 1C:1.4LS.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Vertical and lateral strains during split tests (strain gauges), 1:1 sand/cement.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The radial and tangential stresses for a circular hole in an infinite disk [27].
Figure 12
Figure 12
Stress distribution along the loading axis of a Brazilian core test [25].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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