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Review
. 2024 Jul 25;13(15):4333.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13154333.

Dysmorphic Uterus: More Questions than Answers

Aikaterini Selntigia  1 , Livia Pellegrini  1 , Francesco Gebbia  1 , Daniela Galliano  1
Affiliations
Review

Dysmorphic Uterus: More Questions than Answers

Aikaterini Selntigia et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

A T-shaped uterus is a rare uterine malformation that is classically associated with diethylstilbesterol (DES) exposure. Surprisingly, the prevalence of T- and Y-shaped uterus has increased in recent years despite the absence of a diagnostic consensus and a correlation with the reproductive outcomes has been observed. A systematic electronic database search for all English-language studies published on reproductive outcomes associated with dysmorphic uteri over the past 10 years using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed. This uterine malformation is associated with impaired reproductive outcomes, including primary infertility, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and preterm birth. Hysteroscopic metroplasty is a simple surgical procedure that could potentially improve outcomes in subfertile women, but the data are not robust. Studies reported significant improvements in implantation and pregnancy rates after corrective metroplasty in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. However, multicenter, prospective, randomized, and controlled trials are needed to validate these findings and to help define clear diagnostic criteria, surgical indications, and appropriate follow-up of reproductive outcomes after the procedure.

Keywords: artificial reproductive treatment; dysmorphic uterus; reproductive outcomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of study identification and selection (PRISMA).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound images of a Y-shaped uterus. (B) Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound images of a T-shaped uterus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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