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. 2024 Jul 31;29(15):3617.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29153617.

Phenolic Profiles in Olive Leaves from Different Cultivars in Tuscany and Their Use as a Marker of Varietal and Geographical Origin on a Small Scale

Francesca Borghini  1   2 , Gabriella Tamasi  1   3 , Steven Arthur Loiselle  1   3 , Michele Baglioni  1   3 , Stefano Ferrari  4 , Flavia Bisozzi  1   3 , Sara Costantini  1   3 , Cristiana Tozzi  2 , Angelo Riccaboni  2   5 , Claudio Rossi  1   3
Affiliations

Phenolic Profiles in Olive Leaves from Different Cultivars in Tuscany and Their Use as a Marker of Varietal and Geographical Origin on a Small Scale

Francesca Borghini et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Olive leaves are a rich source of polyphenols with healthful properties and represent one of the most abundant waste products of olive oil production. The aims of this study were to explore the phenolic composition of olive leaves from the three main Tuscan cultivars (Leccino, Moraiolo and Frantoio) collected in Siena and Grosseto provinces and to investigate the possible use of these compounds as varietal and geographic origin markers. Discriminant factorial analysis (DFA) was used for distinguishing between different cultivars and locations. Apigenin and caffeoyl-secologanoside showed significant differences between cultivars. DFA showed that ligstroside, apigenin and luteolin have the most influence in determining the differences between sites, whereas total polyphenols, olacein and hydroxytyrosol acetate allowed for separation between leaves from the same province. The results of the present study indicate that concentrations of phenolic compounds, measured through high-resolution mass spectrometry, can be used as a marker for both the cultivar and of geographical origin of olive leaves, and possibly of olive-related products, as well as across small geographic scales (less than 50 km distance between sites).

Keywords: Tuscany; discriminant factorial analysis; geographical origin markers; olive leaves; phenolic profile.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. This manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions; neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Compounds (concentrations in mg/kg dw) with statistically significant differences between sites (p < 0.01, Bartlett test): (A) luteolin and (B) ligstroside.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Scatter plot of the first and second variables of the DFA in relation to cultivars (Fr = Frantoio, Le = Leccino and Mo = Moraiolo) from Tuscany. (B) Scatter plot of the first and second variables of the DFA model constructed using the six selected variables. The circles represent the calibration samples, squares the validation samples; the yellow triangle is the Frantoio from Civitella Marittima and the black triangle is the Canino cultivar sample from Manciano.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter plot of the first and second variables of the DFA based on the Tuscan leaves sampling sites using sampling sites as dependent variables.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Study area and sampling sites, with relative altitude (m asl) and sampled cultivars.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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