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. 2024 Jul 29;25(15):8292.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25158292.

German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flower Extract, Its Amino Acid Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Technological, and Molecular Docking Study

Oleh Koshovyi  1   2 , Janne Sepp  1 , Valdas Jakštas  3 , Vaidotas Žvikas  3 , Igor Kireyev  2 , Yevhen Karpun  4 , Vira Odyntsova  5 , Jyrki Heinämäki  1 , Ain Raal  1
Affiliations

German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flower Extract, Its Amino Acid Preparations and 3D-Printed Dosage Forms: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Technological, and Molecular Docking Study

Oleh Koshovyi et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an essential oil- containing medicinal plant used worldwide. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge of the phytochemical composition and the analgesic and soporific activity of Matricaria chamomilla L. (German chamomile) flower extract and its amino acid preparations, to predict the mechanisms of their effects by molecular docking and to develop aqueous printing gels and novel 3D-printed oral dosage forms for the flower extracts. In total, 22 polyphenolic compounds and 14 amino acids were identified and quantified in the M. chamomilla extracts. In vivo animal studies with rodents showed that the oral administration of such extracts revealed the potential for treating of sleep disorders and diseases accompanied by pain. Amino acids were found to potentiate these effects. Glycine enhanced the analgesic activity the most, while lysine and β-alanine improved the soporific activity. The molecular docking analysis revealed a high probability of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX-5) inhibition by the extracts. A polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based gel composition with the M. chamomilla extracts was proposed for preparing a novel 3D-printed dosage form for oral administration. These 3D-printed extract preparations can be used, for example, in dietary supplement applications.

Keywords: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) plant extract; amino acids; analgesic activity; lysine; polyphenolic compounds; soporific activity; three-dimensional printing; β-alanine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that this research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HPLC-MS scan chromatogram in negative ESI mode of ethanolic (Gch) German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower extract.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Photographs of the semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D-printed lattices and round-shaped discs. The constructs were printed based on the aqueous 12% polyethylene oxide (PEO) gel with the M. chamomilla dry extract.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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