Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jul-Aug;44(4):272-287.
doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.272. Epub 2024 Aug 1.

Diabetes mellitus and the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Raghad Alhajaji  1   2 , Mayada Mohammad Samkari  3 , Mona A Althobaiti  2 , Bashaer Ruddah Al-Ahmadi  2 , Alaa Mohammed Bugis  2 , Amjad Mohammed Bugis  4 , Fatimah Yaseen Sabbagh  2 , Somaya A Althobaiti  5 , Amro S Bukari  2 , Safenaz Meshal Alqurashi  2 , Hana Abdullah Mshrai  2 , Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Diabetes mellitus and the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Raghad Alhajaji et al. Ann Saudi Med. 2024 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) represents a critical and potentially lethal condition that typically develops in individuals with liver cirrhosis. This meta-analysis aimed to assess diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for SBP in liver cirrhotic patients.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, fifteen studies were included, for a total of 76 815 patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). We represented the results as risk ratios (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using RevMan software. Additionally, we pooled the hazard ratios (HR) for developing SBP in patients with DM from the included studies.

Results: The meta-analysis shows a significantly increased risk of SBP in cirrhotic patients with DM (HR: 1.26; 95% CI [1.05-1.51], P=.01; HR: 1.70; 95% CI [1.32-2.18], P<.001).

Conclusions: The study signifies that DM is an independent risk factor for SBP, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive measures in this specific population.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The PRISMA flow diagram showing the study selection process.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Forest plot comparing patients with DM versus patients without DM regarding the incidence of SBP.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plot comparing patients with DM versus patients without DM regarding the incidence of SBP after resolving the heterogeneity.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plot showing the pooled hazard ratio of developing SBP in patients with DM.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Funnel plot showing the publication bias among the included studies.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Funnel plot showing the publication bias among the included studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Huang CH, Lee CH, Chang C.. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis—A Literature Review. Livers 2022, Vol 2, Pages 214-232. 2022;2(3):214–232. doi: 10.3390/LIVERS2030018. - DOI
    1. Ameer MA, Foris LA, Mandiga P, Haseeb M.. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Stat-Pearls. Published online August 8, 2023. Accessed January 14, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448208/ - PubMed
    1. Huang DQ, Terrault NA, Tacke F, et al. . Global epidemiology of cirrhosis — aetiology, trends and predictions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20(6). doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00759-2 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Giovambattista, Simonetti RG, Craxí A, Piazza Di S, Spanó C, Pagliaro L.. Spontaneous-Bacterial Peritonitis: A Prospective Investigation in Predominantly Nonalcoholic Cirrhotic Patients. Hepatology. 1983;3(4):545–549. doi: 10.1002/HEP.1840030411 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dever JB, Sheikh MY.. Review article:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitisbacteriology, diagnosis, treatment, risk factors and prevention. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41(11):1116–1131. doi: 10.1111/APT.13172 - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources