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Case Reports
. 2022 Aug 10;1(5):100433.
doi: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100433. eCollection 2022 Sep-Oct.

Measuring Valve Gradients and Areas

Larry S Dean  1 , Morton J Kern  2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Measuring Valve Gradients and Areas

Larry S Dean et al. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Gorlin formula; Hakki formula; aortic valve area; hemodynamics; mitral valve area.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hemodynamics of aortic and mitral valve stenosis. (A) Gorlin for AS. Aortic (left) and mitral (right) valve area calculations by the Gorlin formula. ∗44.5 = the square root of twice the gravity acceleration factor (980 cm/s2). The correct factor for mitral valve coefficient is 0.85. (B) Calculating AS by the Hakki formula using peak LV minus peak Ao pressures. (C) AVA by Gorlin formula and simplified (Hakki) formula. Left panel, correlation between Ao valve area by original Gorlin formula and simplified valve formula. Mean pressure difference was used in both formulas. Right panel, correlation between the product of SEP × HR × 44.5 and Ao valve area as measured by the original Gorlin formula. The SEP × HR × 44.5 is close to 1. (D) Simultaneous LV and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in a patient with mechanical mitral valve replacement. Note the diastolic pressure gradient and importantly, the elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure (arrow). Ao, aortic; AS, aortic stenosis; AVA, aortic valve area; CO, cardiac output; DFP, diastolic filling period; HR, heart rate; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MVA, mitral valve area; SEP, systolic ejection period per beat; SEP × HR, aortic valve flow during systole.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Dean L.S., Kern M.J. Getting from A to C: from pressure waves to graphic display to interpretation. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2022;1(2) doi: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100034. - DOI
    1. Kern M.J. The Langston is gone for now (no more dual lumen pigtail for aortic valve assessment). Now what? Cath Lab Digest. www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/cathlab/content/langston-gone-now-...
    1. Cohen M.V., Gorlin R. Modified orifice equation for the calculation of mitral valve area. Am Heart J. 1972;84(6):839–840. - PubMed
    1. Hakki A.H., Iskandrian A.S., Bemis C.E., et al. A simplified valve formula for the calculation of stenotic cardiac valve areas. Circulation. 1981;63(5):1050–1055. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.63.5.1050. - DOI - PubMed

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