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. 2024 Aug 5:15:331-339.
doi: 10.2147/JBM.S470177. eCollection 2024.

Causes of Death and Mortality Trends in Individuals with Thalassemia in the United States, 1999-2020

Jia Yi Tan  1 , Yong Hao Yeo  2 , Kok Hoe Chan  3 , Hamid S Shaaban  4 , Gunwant Guron  4
Affiliations

Causes of Death and Mortality Trends in Individuals with Thalassemia in the United States, 1999-2020

Jia Yi Tan et al. J Blood Med. .

Abstract

Purpose: Our study aims to describe the mortality trends and disparities among individuals with thalassemia in the United States (US).

Patients and methods: We used CDC WONDER database to calculate the age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1,000,000 individuals and used the Joinpoint Regression Program to measure the average annual percent change (AAPC). Subgroup evaluations were performed by sex, age, race, census region, and urbanization level.

Results: From 1999 to 2020, there were 2797 deaths relatd to thalassemia in the US. The AAMR of thalassemia-related death showed a decreasing trend from 0.50 (95% CI, 0.41-0.58) in 1999 to 0.48 (95% CI, 0.41-0.55) in 2020 with the AAPC of -1.42 (95% CI, -2.42, -0.42). Asians have the highest AAMR (1.34 [95% CI, 1.20-1.47]), followed by non-Hispanic Blacks (0.65 [95% CI, 0.59-0.71]), non-Hispanic Whites (0.32 [95% CI, 0.30-0.33]), and Hispanics (0.11 [95% CI, 0.08-0.14]). Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death among individuals with thalassemia. The urban population has a higher AAMR than the rural population (0.43 [95% CI, 0.41-0.45] vs 0.29 [95% CI, 0.26-0.32]).

Conclusion: Our study calls for targeted interventions to address the racial and geographic disparities existed among individuals of thalassemia in the US.

Keywords: alpha-thalassemia; beta-thalassemia; epidemiology; mortality; thalassemia.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Trend of age-adjusted mortality rate of thalassemia-related death between 1999 to 2020. (B) Overall age-adjusted mortality rate of thalassemia-related death stratified by states.
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