Examining the potentials of stem cell therapy in reducing the burden of selected non-communicable diseases in Africa

Abstract

Stem cell therapy (SCT) is a promising solution for addressing health challenges in Africa, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With their regenerative potential, stem cells have the inherent capacity to differentiate into numerous cell types for tissue repair. Despite infrastructural, ethical, and legal challenges, SCT holds immense promise for managing chronic illnesses and deep-seated tissue injuries. The rising prevalence of NCDs in Africa highlights the need for innovative strategies and treatment options. SCT offers hope in combating conditions like burns, osteoarthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, heart failure and cancer, potentially reducing the burden of NCDs on the continent. Despite SCT's opportunities in Africa, there are significant obstacles. However, published research on SCT in Africa is scarce, but recent initiatives such as the Basic School on Neural Stem Cells (NSC) express interest in developing NSC research in Africa. SCT research in African regions, notably on neurogenesis, demonstrates a concentration on studying neurological processes in indigenous settings. While progress has been made in South Africa and Nigeria, issues such as brain drain and impediments to innovation remain. Clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of stem cell treatments, emphasising both potential benefits and limitations in implementing these therapies efficiently. Financing research, developing regulatory frameworks, and resolving affordability concerns are critical steps toward realizing the potential of stem cell treatment in Africa.

Keywords: Cell-based therapy; Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); Neural stem cells (NSC); Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs); Regenerative medicine; Stem cell therapy (SCT).

Fig. 1

Comparison of prevalence and disability-adjusted life years for stem cell treatable diseases. [–12]

Fig. 2

Morbidity and mortality rate of stem cell treatable diseases [–12, 16]