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. 2024 Jul 18:23:101668.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101668. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.

Dynamic profiling of metabolite changes and health-promoting functions in 'yuling paste' during nine steaming and nine sun-drying processes

Yue E  1   2 , Weimiao Li  1 , Hongbin Guo  2 , Xianman Zhang  3 , Qinggele Caiyin  1 , Yi Yuan  1
Affiliations

Dynamic profiling of metabolite changes and health-promoting functions in 'yuling paste' during nine steaming and nine sun-drying processes

Yue E et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Yuling paste, a traditional Chinese health food derived from longan pulp and American ginseng, undergoes a unique processing method involving nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with widely targeted metabolomics has been used to examine the dynamic change in metabolite profiles through the processing. A total of 758 metabolites were identified. Processing significantly affects metabolite changes, and network pharmacology is subsequently used to explore potential pharmacological ingredients. After processing, the contents of active ingredients such as ginsenoside rh2, oleanolic acid, choline, d-glucose, and D-galacturonic acid were found to increase significantly. These increases can be correlated to the enhancement of five distinct pathways, and the contents of naringenin-7-O-glucoside, adenosine, pantothenic acid, and D-sucrose decreased after the processing, correlating with decreases in two different pathways. This study provides a comprehensive reference and scientific basis for understanding the health benefits associated with this traditional health food.

Keywords: Active ingredients; Health-promoting mechanism; Metabolite profile change; Nine steaming nine sun-drying cycles; Yuling paste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Unlabelled Image
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PCA (a) and HCA (b) analyses of differential metabolites among the original group and the processed groups(0–0 represent the original group, 1–9 represent groups processed through cycles one to nine, respectively.).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Volcano plot (a-d) of the differential metabolites of original group vs processed groups. Venn diagram (f) of the differential metabolites of the original group vs. the processed groups. a.0 vs. 1, b. 0 vs. 3, c.0 vs. 5, d.0 vs. 7, e.0 vs. 9.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
K-means clustering groups of the differential metabolites of original group and the processed groups. Y axis: the standardized content of per metabolite; X axis: different processed groups.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Top 20 metabolites with the highest fold changes in each group comparison, red indicates up-regulated metabolites, while green indicates down-regulated metabolites. a.0 vs. 1, b. 0 vs. 3, c.0 vs. 5, d.0 vs. 7, e.0 vs. 9. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the top 20 pathways. a. Upregulated Genes. b. Downregulated Genes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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