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. 2024 May 13;12(8):5530-5537.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4181. eCollection 2024 Aug.

The association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and 10-year cardiovascular risk: Fasa adult cohort study

Matin Sepehrinia  1   2 , Hossein Pourmontaseri  1 , Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh  2 , Farhad Vahid  3 , James R Hebert  4   5 , Reza Homayounfar  6 , Abdulhakim Alkamel  2   7
Affiliations

The association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and 10-year cardiovascular risk: Fasa adult cohort study

Matin Sepehrinia et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

A healthy diet is dominant in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Inflammation is pivotal for CVD development. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the pro-inflammatory diet and the CVD risk. This cross-sectional study involved 10,138 Fasa adult cohort study participants. After excluding participants with missing data, the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) was calculated to assess the inflammatory potential of diet using the recorded Food Frequency Questionnaire. Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to predict the 10-year risk of CVD. The association between E-DII and high risk for CVD was investigated using multinominal regression. After exclusion, the mean age of studied individuals (n = 10,030) was 48.6 ± 9.6 years, including 4522 men. Most participants were low risk (FRS <10%) for CVD (87.6%), while 2.7% of them were high risk (FRS ≥20%). The median FRS was 2.80 (1.70, 6.30). The E-DII ranged from -4.22 to 4.49 (mean E-DII = 0.880 ± 1.127). E-DII was significantly associated with FRS. This result persisted after adjusting for confounding factors and in both genders. This study revealed that the pro-inflammatory diet significantly increases the CVD risk. Consequently, reducing the inflammatory potential of diet should be considered an effective dietary intervention in CVD prevention.

Keywords: diet; inflammation; prevention; pro‐inflammatory diet; risk factor; risk prediction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. However, Dr. James R. Hebert discloses that he owns controlling interest in Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), a company that has licensed the right to his invention of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) from the University of South Carolina in order to develop computer and smart phone applications for patient conseling and dietary intervention in clinical settings. CHI owns exclusive right to the E‐DIITM.

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