Self-control and bed procrastination as mediators between mindfulness and sleep quality among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

In recent years, sleep problems among college students have become increasingly prominent, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their sleep quality has deteriorated dramatically, severely affecting their physical and mental health. Numerous research studies have investigated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality; however, it is still unclear what psychological process underlies this relationship. In the current study, college students' bed procrastination and self-control as mediating factors in the association between mindfulness and sleep quality were investigated. Using the convenience sampling method, 763 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.48 years, SD = 2.06) were recruited to complete self-reported questionnaires that included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Self-Control Scale, Bed Procrastination Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results showed that (a) mindfulness was positively associated with sleep quality; (b) both self-control and bed procrastination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality, and (c) self-control and bed procrastination sequentially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. These findings collectively suggest a potential mechanism for how mindfulness influences sleep quality, providing a therapeutic target for mindfulness-based interventions aimed at helping college students improve sleep quality.

Keywords: Bed procrastination; College students; Mindfulness; Self-control; Sleep quality.

Figure 1

The hypothesized model.

Figure 2

The mediation model. N = 763. ***p < 0.001. Path coefficients shown above are standardized. The dotted line indicates that the path coefficient is not significant.

Figure 3

The mediation model. N = 763. ***p < 0.001. Path coefficients shown above are standardized. The dotted line indicates that the path coefficient is not significant.

Figure 4

The multiple mediation model. N = 763. ***p < 0.001. Path coefficients shown above are standardized. The dotted line indicates that the path coefficient is not significant.