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[Preprint]. 2024 Aug 8:2024.08.07.24311637.
doi: 10.1101/2024.08.07.24311637.

Country Level Incidence of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias is Associated with Increased Omega6 PUFA Consumption

Timothy H Ciesielski  1 , Giuseppe Tosto  2 , Razaq O Durodoye  1 , Farid Rajabali  3 , Rufus O Akinyemi  4 , Goldie S Byrd  5 , William S Bush  1   6 , Brian W Kunkle  3 , Christiane Reitz  1   2   3   4   5   6 , Jeffery M Vance  3 , Margaret A Pericak-Vance  4 , Jonathan L Haines  1   6 , Scott M Williams  1   6
Affiliations

Country Level Incidence of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias is Associated with Increased Omega6 PUFA Consumption

Timothy H Ciesielski et al. medRxiv. .

Update in

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical and genetic studies have implicated lipid dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, lipid consumption at the individual-level does not vary greatly within most cohorts, and multiple lipids are rarely measured in any one study.

Methods: Mean country-level lipid intakes were compared to Age-Standardized Alzheimer-Disease-Incidence-Rates(ASAIR) in 183 countries across all inhabited continents. Penalized spline regression and multivariable-adjusted linear regression, including a lag between intake and incidence, were used to assess the relationships between five lipid intakes and ASAIR. Validation was conducted using longitudinal within-country changes between 1990 and 2019.

Results: Omega6 Polyunsaturated-Fatty-Acid(PUFA) intake exhibited a positive linear relationship with ASAIR(multivariable-adjusted model: β=2.44; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.19; p=1.38×10-9). ASAIR also increased with saturated-fat, trans-fat, and dietary-cholesterol up to a threshold. The association between Omega6-PUFA and ASAIR was confirmed using longitudinal intake changes.

Discussion: Decreasing Omega6-PUFA consumption on the country-level may have substantial benefits in reducing the country-level burden of AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; dementia; diet; epidemiology; lipids; population health; prevention.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts None

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Free-knot penalized splines showing the relationship between country-level lipid intakes and age standardized incidence of Alzheimer Disease and other dementias
Incidence is on the y-axis and the y axis range is the same for all 5 plots, for ease of comparison. Each plot depicts the penalized regression spline for a distinct class of country-level lipid data: (A) Omega6 PUFA (B) Long Chain Omega3 PUFA (C) Saturated Fat (D) Trans-fat and (E) Dietary Cholesterol intake. The dashed lines depict 95% CIs and the hash marks along the x-axis depict data density. Estimates are imprecise in regions of low data density. Nonlinear relationships were detected by the GCV process for Saturated Fat, Trans-fat, Dietary Cholesterol (panels C-E). Apparent thresholds are indicated with a vertical red line.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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