Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A powerful fighter against colon cancer?

Abstract

Colon cancer (CC) stands as one of the most common malignancies related to the gastrointestinal system, whose increasing incidence and death rates have been reported all over the world. Standard treatments for fighting cancers like CC comprise surgical approaches, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which are suggested by clinicians according to patients' conditions and disease stages. However, patients who utilize these modalities may suffer from serious side effects and adverse outcomes, for example, toxicity and tumor recurrence, as well as a low 5-year survival rate. The present shreds of evidence showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can have a suitable capacity for treating different health problems, especially neoplasms. These multipotent stem cells can be isolated from several sources, such as the umbilical cord, bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta. Among these mesenchymal sources, umbilical cord-MSCs have gathered much attention in scientific societies due to their advantages (e.g., low immunogenicity, lack of ethical problems, and easy collection). These days, the efficacy of umbilical cord-MSCs and umbilical cord-MSCs-based strategies, such as conditioned medium, extracellular vesicles, and exosomes, on CC have been explored, and promising findings have been stated. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to summarize and debate evidence regarding the effects of UC-MSCs and their related products on CC with a focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in its treatment and pathogenesis of this malignant tumor.

Keywords: Colon cancer; Colorectal cancer; Pathogenesis; Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.