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Review
. 2024 Aug 18.
doi: 10.1007/s10840-024-01906-8. Online ahead of print.

Evaluation of pulsed field ablation lesion characteristics using an in vitro vegetable model

Nathaniel A Steiger  1 , Logan McClennen  1 , Justin Bilenker  1 , Carlos Patino  1 , Carlos D Matos  1 , Katherine M Sauer  1 , Carolina Hoyas  1 , Usha B Tedrow  1 , Paul C Zei  1 , Jorge E Romero  1 , William H Sauer  2
Affiliations
Review

Evaluation of pulsed field ablation lesion characteristics using an in vitro vegetable model

Nathaniel A Steiger et al. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. .

Abstract

Background: In vitro models to evaluate cardiac pulsed field ablation (PFA) have not been well established. We sought to create a standardized vegetable model and staining protocol for assessing unipolar PFA using a surface electrode.

Methods: We exposed potato slabs to unipolar PFA in a saline bath using a 3.5 mm electrode catheter and grounding pad connected to a custom-built high-voltage generator. Lesions were clearly visualized after staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) using a timed protocol to reveal a necrotic center and a periphery of electroporated cells with intact mitochondria.

Results: Lesion volume increased linearly with increasing voltage and logarithmically with repetitive PFA applications.

Conclusion: The findings observed in this vegetable model using a TTC staining protocol are consistent with findings observed with cardiomyocytes.

Keywords: In vitro model; Irreversible electroporation; Pulsed field ablation; Reversible electroporation; Unipolar electroporation.

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