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Review
. 2024 Jul 23:23:101681.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101681. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.

Recent advances in ratiometric electrochemical sensors for food analysis

Xincheng Hu  1 , Wei Wei  1 , Xinyi Li  2 , Yewen Yang  3 , Binbin Zhou  2
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances in ratiometric electrochemical sensors for food analysis

Xincheng Hu et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Ratiometric electrochemical sensors are renowned for their dual-signal processing capabilities, enabling automatic correction of background noise and interferences through built-in calibration, thus providing more accurate and reproducible measurements. This characteristic makes them highly promising for food analysis. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the latest advancements in ratiometric electrochemical sensors and their applications in food analysis, emphasizing their design strategies, detection capabilities, and practical uses. Initially, we explore the construction and design strategies of these sensors. We then review the detection of various food-related analytes, including nutrients, additives, metal ions, pharmaceutical and pesticide residues, biotoxins, and pathogens. The review also briefly explores the challenges faced by ratiometric electrochemical sensors in food testing and potential future directions for development. It aims to provide researchers with a clear introduction and serve as a reference for the design and application of new, efficient ratiometric electrochemical sensors in food analysis.

Keywords: Food analysis; Ratiometric electrochemical sensors; Sensor design strategies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Unlabelled Image
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic illustration of the construction of ratiometric electrochemical sensors and their application in food analysis.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic illustrations of the molecular structures of various types of food additives detected by currently reported ratiometric electrochemical sensors.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Schematic illustration of the construction and detection principle of a ratiometric electrochemical sensor for TBHQ based on Co NC/CNT/MB composite (Zhang, Liu, et al., 2024).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Schematic illustrations of the molecular structures of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides detected by currently reported ratiometric electrochemical sensors in food products.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Schematic illustration of the construction and detection principle of a ratiometric electrochemical immunosensor for phoxim (Su, Wang, et al., 2022).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Molecular structures of various biotoxins detected by currently reported ratiometric electrochemical sensors in food products.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Schematic illustration of the construction and detection principle of a ratiometric electrochemical and photoelectrochemical dual-mode aptasensor for AFB1 (Zhang, Li, et al., 2024).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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