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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Aug 19;18(8):e0011991.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011991. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex quinquefasciatus): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis

Ebrahim Abbasi  1   2 , Salman Daliri  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Knockdown resistance (kdr) associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito-borne diseases (Culex quinquefasciatus): Systematic study of reviews and meta-analysis

Ebrahim Abbasi et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

Introduction: Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the most important carriers of human pathogens. Using the insecticides is one of the most important methods of combating this vector. But the genetic resistance created in Culex quinquefasciatus led to disruption in the fight against this pest. Consequently, it is necessary to know the level of resistance to fight this vector. Based on this, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of kdr resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus against organochlorine insecticides in the world.

Methods: This study was conducted by systematic review, and meta-analysis on the prevalence of kdr resistance and mortality rate in Culex quinquefasciatus against organochlorine insecticides in the world. All pertinent articles were extracted and analyzed in accordance with this information during an unrestricted search of the scientific databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, biooan.org, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar until the end of November 2023. Statistical analysis of data was done using fixed and random effects model in meta-analysis, I2 index, Cochran's test, and meta-regression by STATA version 17 software.

Results: Seventy articles were included in the meta-analysis process. Based on the findings, the prevalence of Kdr in Culex quinquefasciatus against organochlorine insecticide was estimated at 63.1%. Moreover, the mortality rate against the insecticide deltamethrin was 46%, DDT 18.5%, permethrin 42.6%, malathion 54.4% and lambdacyhalothrin 53%.

Conclusion: More than half of Cx. quinquefasciatus had Kdr. This vector was relatively resistant to DDT and permethrin insecticides and sensitive to malathion, deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin. In order to prevent the development of resistance to alternative insecticides, it is consequently critical to combat this vector with efficacious insecticides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA flow diagram.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Forest plots of the prevalence Kdr and 95% confidence interval based on the random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Forest plots of the prevalence homozygotes resistance and 95% confidence interval based on the random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Forest plots of the prevalence heterozygotes resistance and 95% confidence interval based on the random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Forest plots of the mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to Deltamethrin and 95% confidence interval based on the random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Forest plots of mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to DDT and 95% confidence interval based on random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Forest plots of mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to Permethrin and 95% confidence interval based on random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 8
Fig 8. Forest plots of mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to Malathion and 95% confidence interval based on random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 9
Fig 9. Forest plots of mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to lambdacyhalothrin and 95% confidence interval based on random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig 10
Fig 10. Funnel plot of the mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus in the selected studies.
Fig 11
Fig 11. Meta regression plot of the mortality rate Cx. quinquefasciatus of exposed to Permethrin based the study year.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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