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Review
. 2024 Aug;13(16):e70132.
doi: 10.1002/cam4.70132.

Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of adult pancreatoblastoma

Jiaqian Yuan  1 , Yong Guo  1   2 , Yan Li  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of adult pancreatoblastoma

Jiaqian Yuan et al. Cancer Med. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Background: Pancreatoblastoma (PB) is one of the rare malignant tumors that typically occurs in children. Cases of PB in adults are highly unusual. This disease often presents with subtle symptoms and lacks characteristic clinical manifestations, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Objective: This study integrates the relevant literature on adult PB, conducting data analysis on clinical features, laboratory and imaging results, pathological characteristics, and treatments according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis and Log-rank tests are employed to analyze survival data from adult PB follow-up, exploring factors influencing prognosis.

Results: A total of 65 articles were included, encompassing 103 cases of adult PB. The average age of PB patients was 41.78 years (range 19-81 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.06:1. Patients frequently presented with abdominal pain as the initial symptom. Laboratory results lacked specificity and imaging findings often presented as large, well-defined masses. PB exhibited distinctive pathological features, including squamous corpuscles (n = 76, 89.41%) and acinar differentiation (n = 34, 40%), with frequent positive expression of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and AACT (Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin). APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) gene mutation was the most common molecular alteration in adult PB. During the follow-up period, 43.59% of patients died (range 3 days to 348 months). The primary factors affecting prognosis were the presence of metastasis (χ2 = 3.996, p = 0.046) and incomplete surgical resection (χ2 = 5.586, p = 0.018), with mean survival times of 48 months and 27 months, respectively.

Conclusions: PB in adults is an invasive tumor. The key to distinguishing PB from other pancreatic tumors lies in recognizing its unique pathological feature, the squamous corpuscles. Timely and complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment following diagnosis. Patients with incomplete resection or the presence of lymph nodes or (and) distant metastases have a poor prognosis.

Keywords: APC; adult pancreatoblastoma; pancreatic cancer; squamous corpuscles; survival analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Chemotherapy drugs used at different stages. *VP‐16, etoposide; CTX, cyclophosphamide; CAP, capecitabine; GEM, gemcitabine; MMC, mitomycin; DTIC, dacarbazine; S‐1, tegafur; IFO, ifosfamide; DOC, docetaxel.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Survival curve (1).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Survival curve (2).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Supplementary concepts