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. 2024 Aug 20;10(1):66.
doi: 10.1038/s41405-024-00251-2.

Flowable composite as an alternative to adhesive resin cement in bonding hybrid CAD/CAM materials: in-vitro study of micro-shear bond strength

Eman Ezzat Youssef Hassanien  1 , Zeinab Omar Tolba  2
Affiliations

Flowable composite as an alternative to adhesive resin cement in bonding hybrid CAD/CAM materials: in-vitro study of micro-shear bond strength

Eman Ezzat Youssef Hassanien et al. BDJ Open. .

Abstract

Objective: To assess the micro-shear bond strength of light-cured adhesive resin cement compared to flowable composite to hybrid CAD/CAM ceramics.

Materials and methods: Rectangular discs were obtained from polymer-infiltrated (Vita Enamic; VE) and nano-hybrid resin-matrix (Voco Grandio; GR) ceramic blocks and randomly divided according to the luting agent; light-cured resin cement (Calibra Veneer; C) and flowable composite (Neo Spectra ST flow; F), resulting in four subgroups; VE-C, VE-F, GR-C and GR-F. Substrates received micro-cylinders of the tested luting agents (n = 16). After water storage, specimens were tested for micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min cross-head speed until failure and failure modes were determined. After testing for normality, quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, whereas, qualitative data were expressed as percentages. Quantitative data were statistically analysed using Student t test at a level of significance (P ≤ 0.05).

Results: Group GR-F showed the highest µSBS, followed by VE-C, VE-F and GR-C respectively, although statistically insignificant. All groups showed mixed and adhesive failure modes, where VE-F and GR-C showed the highest mixed failures followed by GR-C and VE-C respectively.

Conclusions: After short-term aging, flowable composite and light-cured resin cement showed high comparable bond strength when cementing VE and GR.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The present study is an in-vitro research performed in a randomized and blinded manner. The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Scientific Research—Faculty of Dentistry—Cairo University.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the specimens’ preparation and testing.
(VE VITA Enamic, GR Voco Grandio).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
GR substrates being air-abraded aided by the custom-made holding device.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The failure modes of the tested specimens.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. The failure modes.
The adhesive (a, e) and mixed (b: adhesive/cohesive failure within the substrate, c, g: predominantly adhesive, d: predominantly cohesive within the luting agent, f: adhesive/cohesive failure within the substrate and the luting agent) failures observed in the present study shown by SEM at 120× magnification. The red arrows correspond to the adhesive failures, the blue arrows correspond to the cohesive failures within the substrates, the yellow arrows correspond to the cohesive failures within the luting agents. [Note: a, b, c, d are specimens of the VE tested groups, while, e, f, g are specimens of the GR tested groups].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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