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Review
. 2024 Aug 20.
doi: 10.1007/s11030-024-10962-1. Online ahead of print.

A comprehensive review of synthetic and semisynthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors: identification of potential leads based on in-silico computed ADME characteristics

Rupali Rana  1 , Anchal Sharma  2 , Nitish Kumar  3 , Aanchal Khanna  3 , Jyoti  3 , Muskan Dhir  3 , Harmandeep Kaur Gulati  3 , Jatinder Vir Singh  3 , Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi  3   4
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review of synthetic and semisynthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors: identification of potential leads based on in-silico computed ADME characteristics

Rupali Rana et al. Mol Divers. .

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, both synthetic and semisynthetic, have been developed extensively over the past few decades. The increased level of XO is not only the major cause of gout but is also responsible for various conditions associated with hyperuricemia, such as cardiovascular disorders, chronic kidney disorders, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and chronic wounds. Marketed available XO inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat, and topiroxostat) are used to treat hyperuricemia but they are associated with fatal side effects, which pose serious problems for the healthcare system, rising the need for new, more potent, safer compounds. This review summarizes recent findings on XO and describes their design, synthesis, biological significance in the development of anti-hyperuricemic drugs with ADME profile, structure activity relationship (SAR) and molecular docking studies. The results might help medicinal chemists to develop more efficacious XO inhibitors.

Keywords: Gout; Molecular docking; Semi-synthetic; Structure activity relationship; Synthetic; Uric acid; Xanthine oxidase.

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References

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