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. 2024 Aug 16:22:eAO0620.
doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0620. eCollection 2024.

Hernia 3D training model: a new inguinal hernia 3D-printed simulator

Paulo Henrique Fogaça de Barros  1 , Camila Scivoletto Borges  2 , Caroline Petersen da Costa Ferreira  1 , Bruno de Lucia Hernani  1 , Iron Pires Abreu Neto  1 , Luciano Tastaldi  3 , Leandro Totti Cavazzola  4
Affiliations

Hernia 3D training model: a new inguinal hernia 3D-printed simulator

Paulo Henrique Fogaça de Barros et al. Einstein (Sao Paulo). .

Abstract

Objective: Barros et al. demonstrated a 3D printed model that exhibits anatomical representativeness, low cost, and scalability. The model was created based on subtraction data obtained from computed tomography scans. Images were modeled and reconstructed in 3D to display the male inguinal region, typically viewed using a laparoscopic approach. To evaluate the functionality and quality of the anatomical representation of the hernia 3D training model.

Methods: A model was created based on subtraction data derived from computed tomography scans of the pelvic bones and lumbar spine using the Blender 3.2.2 software program. Images were modeled and reconstructed in 3D to display the male inguinal region, typically viewed using a laparoscopic approach. Polylactic acid plastic was used to print the model. Some structures were made using ethylene vinyl acetate to enable possible material replacement and model reutilization. Thirty surgeons with various training levels were invited to use the model. Transabdominal inguinal hernioplasty was performed by simulating the same steps as those of a laparoscopic surgery, and the surgeons answered a questionnaire regarding the simulation.

Results: Twenty-eight surgeons responded, seven of whom were experts in the treatment of abdominal wall hernias. The model was deemed easy to use, realistic, and anatomically precise, establishing it as a valuable supplement to minimally invasive surgery training.

Conclusion: The evaluation of this 3D model was favorable, as it accurately depicted the inguinal region anatomically, while also proving to be cost-effective for training purposes. The model could be a good option, particularly beneficial for training surgeons at the beginning of their careers.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: none.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1. 3D modeling in Blender (version 3.2.2) software based on the videolaparoscopic view
Figure 2
Figure 2. Painted view (for didatic purpose) of 3D printing model using polylactic acid plastic
Figure 3
Figure 3. Placement of trocars (A); right lateral inguinal hernia (B); peritoneal opening and reduction of the herniary sac (C and D); mesh placement (E); fastening the mesh with clamps (F and G); and suturing the closure of the peritoneum (H)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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