Tools for Assessing Childbirth Fear: A Comprehensive Review and Psychometric Evaluation

Abstract

Childbirth fear is a prevalent concern among pregnant women, and its measurement is crucial for effective clinical intervention. This article presents a comprehensive review of existing tools for assessing childbirth fear, aiming to assist researchers and health-care professionals in selecting appropriate instruments for their work. A systematic search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, resulting in the identification of twenty tools specifically developed for assessing childbirth fear. The characteristics and psychometric properties of each tool were analyzed. Most tools were Likert scale based, with some employing visual analog tools and dichotomous tools. The identified tools were employed in diverse research designs, including experimental studies and observational studies. Among the tools reviewed, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire emerged as a frequently used and well-validated instrument. It demonstrated good psychometric properties, assessing fear of childbirth through women's expectations and experiences. Other notable tools included the Fear of Birth Scale, Childbirth Experience Questionnaire, and Tokophobia Severity Scale, each addressing specific aspects of childbirth fear. However, some tools lacked thorough testing for validity and reliability, indicating the need for further refinement and evaluation. Researchers can utilize this comprehensive overview to select appropriate tools for their investigations. Clinicians and health-care professionals working with pregnant women can benefit from the identified tools to assess and monitor childbirth fear, aiding in early detection and timely intervention. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the need for well-validated and culturally sensitive tools, facilitating a better understanding of this complex phenomenon and ultimately contributing to improved care for pregnant women.