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. 2024 Aug 7:12:1417250.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1417250. eCollection 2024.

Ergonomics in the operating room and surgical training: a survey on the Italian scenario

Stefano Restaino  1 , Marco D'Indinosante  2 , Federica Perelli  3 , Martina Arcieri  1 , Vittorio Cherchi  4 , Marco Petrillo  5 , Anna Franca Cavaliere  6 , Stefano Cianci  7 , Giulia Pellecchia  8 , Roberto Luca Meniconi  9 , Alessandro Coppola  10 , Vito Chiantera  11 , Giovanni Scambia  2 , Lorenza Driul  1 , Giuseppe Vizzielli  1 ; SPIGC Working Group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Ergonomics in the operating room and surgical training: a survey on the Italian scenario

Stefano Restaino et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Surgical-related injuries are frequent, in fact the reported percentage of musculoskeletal disorders in surgeons is between 47% and 87%. These conditions are caused by long periods of standing, incorrect postures, repeated movements, little rest between operations, the lack of integrated operator rooms, the correct number and arrangement of monitors and the use of non-ergonomic instruments. This survey aims to assess the Italian overview both highlighting how prevalent surgical-related injury is in our surgeons and whether there is an operating room ergonomics education program in Italian surgical specialty schools.

Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was designed through SurveyMonkey© web application. This survey was composed of 3 different sections concerning the general characteristics of the participants, their surgical background and any training performed, and any injuries or ailments related to the surgical activity. The survey was carried out in the period 1th of December 2022 and the 6th of February 2023.

Results: At the close of our survey, 300 responses were collected. Among the participants, the two most represented specialties were Gynecology and Obstetrics (42.3%) and General Surgery (39.7%) and surgeons were mainly employed in the Northern regions of Italy (54.8%). Analyzing the participants' background, 61.7% of the respondents had laparoscopic training during their training and only 53.1% had a pelvic trainer during their residency. In accordance with 98.7% of the respondents, during surgery we have the feeling of being in an uncomfortable position that causes discomfort or muscle pain, and regarding the frequency of these discomforts, the majority of our study population experiences these problems monthly (46.2%), while in 29.6% it is experienced weekly, 12.1% annually and finally 12.1% daily. The surgical approach that is most correlated with these disorders is laparoscopy (62.7%) while the one that causes the least discomfort is robotic surgery (1.4%). These discomforts cause 43.9% of our population to take a break or do short exercises to reduce pain during surgery, and the body areas most affected are the back (61.6%), neck (40.6%) and shoulders (37.8%).

Conclusion: Despite this, our survey allows us to highlight some now-known gaps present in the surgical training program of our schools and the lack of protection toward our surgeons during their long career.

Keywords: ergonomic; gyne and obstetrics; operatory room; surgery; survey.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Have you ever had the feeling that your body was in an uncomfortable position in the operating room causing discomfort, muscle aches or pain during retraction, assistance or surgery?
Figure 2
Figure 2
How often do these pains occcur?
Figure 3
Figure 3
Which surgical approach causes you the most discomfort?
Figure 4
Figure 4
Estimation of the time of onset of symptoms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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