National Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years - National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2023

Abstract

Based on safety and efficacy data, vaccinations are the best defense to protect persons and communities from serious vaccine-preventable diseases. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine vaccination of adolescents aged 11-12 years with three vaccines including tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine; quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine; and human papillomavirus vaccine. CDC analyzed data from the 2023 National Immunization Survey-Teen for 16,658 adolescents aged 13-17 years (born during January 2005-December 2010) to assess vaccination coverage in 2023, recent trends in coverage by birth year, and trends in coverage by eligibility for the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program and birth year. In 2023, coverage with all routine vaccines recommended for adolescents was similar to coverage in 2022. Vaccination coverage among VFC-eligible adolescents was generally stable during the COVID-19 pandemic, except for a decrease in the percentage of VFC-eligible adolescents who were up to date with HPV vaccination by age 13 years among those born in 2010 compared with those born in 2007. Whereas coverage differences were found between VFC-eligible and non-VFC-eligible adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, coverage was similar among the most recent birth years in the survey. Providers should make strong recommendations for all routine vaccines and review adolescent vaccination records to verify if adolescents are up to date with all recommended vaccines.

FIGURE

Vaccination coverage, by age 13 years among adolescents born during 2002–2010, by Vaccines for Children program eligibility — National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2015–2023 Abbreviations: HPV = human papillomavirus; HPV UTD = up to date with HPV vaccination; MenACWY = quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine; Tdap = tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine; VFC = Vaccines for Children. * At least 1 dose Tdap at age ≥10 years, ≥1 dose MenACWY or meningococcal-unknown type vaccine, and ≥1 dose HPV vaccine (nine-valent, quadrivalent, or bivalent). The routine Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for HPV vaccination was made for females in 2006 and for males in 2011. Because HPV vaccination was recommended for males in 2011, coverage for all adolescents was not measured before that year. HPV UTD includes adolescents who received ≥3 doses, and those who received 2 doses when the first HPV vaccine dose was initiated at age <15 years and there was ≥5 months minus 4 days between the first and second dose. ^† National Immunization Survey-Teen data during 2015–2023 were combined, and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to calculate cumulative vaccination coverage estimates by age in days, stratified by annual birth year; sample sizes by birth year were 19,931 (2002), 20,085 (2003), 18,908 (2004), 18,242 (2005), 16,564 (2006), 12,633 (2007), 8,346 (2008), 4,990 (2009), and 1,692 (2010). ^§ VFC-eligible adolescents were defined as meeting one of the following criteria: 1) enrolled in Medicaid or Indian Health Service; 2) uninsured; 3) American Indian or Alaska Native; 4) ever received a vaccination at Indian Health Service–operated centers, Tribal health centers, or urban Indian health care facilities.