Conflict of interest: A.J. Podolanczuk reports grants from the NHLBI and Three Lakes Foundation, consultancy fees from Regeneron, Boehringer Ingelheim, Imvaria, Veracyte, Eisai, United Therapeutics, Puretech, Trevi Therapeutics, Pliant Therapeutics and Avalyn Therapeutics, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim and Vida, and support for attending meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim. G. Raghu reports grants from the NHLBI/NIH, consultancy fees from BMS, United Therapeutics and Veracyte, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with Avalyn, leadership roles with ATS (IPF guidelines chair) and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, and the following financial (or non-financial) interests: unpaid consultancy for Bellerophan; Gilead, Fibrogen, Nitto, Novartis and Roche-Hoffman-Genentech, and scientific reviewer for investigator initiated grant proposals for BI.