Zirconium- 89 Labeled Antibody K1-70 for PET Imaging of Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in Thyroid Cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a G-protein coupled receptor that is highly expressed on benign and malignant thyroid tissues. TSHR binding and activation has long been a component of thyroid cancer molecular imaging and radiotherapy, by promoting expression of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) and incorporation of I-131 into thyroid hormones. Here, we report the radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of a Zirconium-89 (⁸⁹Zr) labeled TSHR antibody to serve as a positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostic correlate for therapeutic agents targeting TSHR without reliance on NIS.

Procedures: TSHR human monoclonal antibody K1-70 was conjugated to chelator desferrioxamine-p-benzyl-isothiocyanate, followed by labeling with Zr-89, yielding the radiotracer ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab. The in vitro cellar uptake and binding affinity of ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab were analyzed in three new TSHR stable overexpressing tumor cell lines and their corresponding wild types (WT) with low or no TSHR expression. ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab PET/CT imaging of TSHR expression was evaluated in tumor mouse models bearing one TSHR-positive tumor and other negative control with or without the coinjection of antibody K1-70, and then verified by radiotracer biodistribution study and tumor immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: The conjugate DFO-TSHR-Ab was labeled with Zr-89 at 37 °C for 60 min and purified by PD-10 column in radiochemical yields of 68.8 ± 9.9%, radiochemical purities of 98.7 ± 0.8%, and specific activities of 19.1 ± 2.7 mCi/mg (n = 5). In vitro cell studies showed ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab had significantly high uptake on TSHR expressing tumor cells with nanomolar affinity and high potency. Preclinical PET/CT imaging revealed that ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab selectively detected TSHR expressing thyroid tumors and displayed improved in vivo performance with the coinjection of unlabeled TSHR antibody K1-70 leading to higher uptake in TSHR expressing tumors than parental WT tumors and physiologic tissues; this observation was confirmed by the biodistribution and immunostaining analyses.

Conclusions: We synthesized ⁸⁹Zr-labeled antibody K1-70 as a new radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of TSHR. ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab has high radioactive uptake and retention in TSHR expressing tumors and cleared quickly from most background tissues in mouse models. Our study demonstrated that ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-TSHR-Ab has the potential for PET imaging of TSHR-positive thyroid cancer and monitoring TSHR-targeted therapy.

Keywords: Antibody; PET imaging; TSHR; Thyroid cancer.