Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep;26(9):1005-1014.
doi: 10.1111/jch.14878. Epub 2024 Aug 22.

Predictive significance of cardio ankle vascular index for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients: A systematic review

Chiranjeevee R Saravanan  1 , Shubhayu R Chowdhury  2 , Pugazhendi Inban  3 , Sai Harini Chandrasekaran  4 , Himani H Pattani  5 , Krupanagram Santoshi  6 , Hyma Bamba  7 , Gurmehar Singh  7 , Priyadarshi Prajjwal  8 , Raunak Ranjan  9 , Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool Marsool  10 , Omniat Amir  11
Affiliations

Predictive significance of cardio ankle vascular index for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients: A systematic review

Chiranjeevee R Saravanan et al. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is an innovative indicator of large-artery stiffness, which is evaluated by the pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement. Mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases among the general public with high-risk conditions such as hypertension are usually associated with arterial stiffness. CAVI modelizes the hazard of future cardiovascular events with standard risk factors. Additionally, the "European Society of Hypertension and Cardiology" included the aortic PWV assessment in managing hypertension in their updated guidelines in 2007. We conducted this systematic review to collect, summarize, and evaluate the evidence from relevant reported studies. A literature search of four databases was conducted comprehensively until February 2024. Cardiovascular events are the primary outcome of interest in this study, cardiovascular events that have been defined as major adverse cardiac events include "heart failure", "stroke", "myocardial infarction", "cardiovascular deaths", "stable angina pectoris", "coronary revascularization", and "unstable angina pectoris". We included five studies with a 11 698 sample size in this systematic review. All five prospective studies investigated composite cardiovascular events as an outcome. Three of them revealed a statistically significant prediction ability of CAVI to assess Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Further analysis is required. Current evidence is insufficient to confirm the predictive power of CAVI in the assessment of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. CAVI is modestly associated with incidents of CVD risk. It is necessary to conduct further studies to assess CAVI concerning CVD predictor measures in the masses and nations other than Asia.

Keywords: CAVI; arterial stiffness; cardio ankle vascular index; cardiovascular diseases; hypertension; predictive significance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PRISMA flow diagram. PRISMA, preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Risk of bias summary.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Miyoshi T, Ito H. Arterial stiffness in health and disease: the role of cardio‐ankle vascular index. J Cardiol. 2021;78(6):493‐501. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.07.011 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration . Age‐specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta‐analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. [Published correction appears in Lancet. 2003 Mar 22;361(9362):1060]. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903‐1913. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang MC, Lloyd‐Jones DM. Cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2021;34(6):569‐577. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpab021 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang N, Guo Y, Li X, et al. Association between cardio‐ankle vascular index and masked uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients: a cross‐sectional study. J Healthc Eng. 2022;2022:3167518. doi:10.1155/2022/3167518 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Agac MT, Ağaç S, Aksoy MNM, Vatan MB. Cardio‐ankle vascular index represents the best surrogate for 10‐year ASCVD risk estimation in patients with primary hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2021;43(4):349‐355. doi:10.1080/10641963.2021.1883052 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms