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Review
. 2024 Aug 22;14(36):26400-26423.
doi: 10.1039/d4ra04559a. eCollection 2024 Aug 16.

A comprehensive review of production, applications, and the path to a sustainable energy future with hydrogen

Abdulrahman Bin Jumah  1
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review of production, applications, and the path to a sustainable energy future with hydrogen

Abdulrahman Bin Jumah. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Green hydrogen, a versatile and sustainable energy carrier, has garnered increasing attention as a critical element in the global transition to a low-carbon economy. This review article comprehensively examines the production, applications, and potential of green hydrogen, accompanied by the challenges and future prospects associated with its widespread adoption. The production of green hydrogen is a central focus, due to its environmental benefits and distinctive characteristics. The article delves into the various techniques and technologies employed in green hydrogen production, emphasizing the need for cost reduction and increased scale for economic viability. Focusing particularly on applications, the review discusses the diverse sectors where green hydrogen demonstrates immense promise. Challenges and limitations are explored, including the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, high production costs, and the need for extensive hydrogen infrastructure. The article also highlights the pressing need for innovation in electrolysis technology and materials, emphasizing the potential for cost reduction and increased efficiency. As industries gradually transition to green hydrogen as a cleaner feedstock, its demand and cost-competitiveness are projected to increase. This review article thoroughly evaluates the current status of green hydrogen and provides valuable insights into its potential role in the transition to a sustainable energy system.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Types of H2 and their origin.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Representation of the SMR process.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Representation of the production of green H2 with plasma route.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Configurations for the integration of electrolysers with renewable energies in stand-alone systems.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Illustration of the photocatalyst water splitting process, (1) the absorption of light radiation from a light source, (2) the separation of electron–hole pairs, and (3) redox reaction.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of photocatalytic water splitting of samples.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Illustration of the benefit from blending green H2 with natural gas.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Illustration of the manufacturing of different organic materials using carbon capture and green hydrogen production.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Showing the different chemical products that can be generated by green H2.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. Visual representation of the chemical structure of (a) methanol, (b) ammonia, (c) methane, and (d) formic acid.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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