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Review
. 2024 Aug 12;21(3):e20240034.
doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0034. eCollection 2024.

Evolution over the last 40 years of the assisted reproduction technologies in cattle - the Brazilian perspective I - timed artificial insemination

José Nélio de Sousa Sales  1   2 , Guilherme Pugliesi  3 , Laís Reis Carvalho  2 , Luiz Manoel Sousa Simões  2 , Lucas Araujo Lemos  3 , Matheus Pedroso Vicente  2 , Rafael Resende Rabelo Silva  2 , Pietro Sampaio Baruselli  4
Affiliations
Review

Evolution over the last 40 years of the assisted reproduction technologies in cattle - the Brazilian perspective I - timed artificial insemination

José Nélio de Sousa Sales et al. Anim Reprod. .

Abstract

The reproductive efficiency of the herd is correlated with higher productivity in livestock. Reproduction biotechniques, such as ovulation synchronization protocols, are important to optimize production and accelerate genetic profit in beef and dairy herds. The objective of this review is to describe the evolution over the last 40 years of the artificial insemination (AI) and the timed-AI (TAI) protocols in cattle from a Brazilian perspective. TAI protocols are based on synchronizing emergence of the wave of follicular growth, controlling circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations, stimulating the final growth of the follicle and inducing a synchronized ovulation. Hormonal alternatives that optimize the response at the end of the protocol and strategies to induce final follicle growth and ovulation in categories of females with low expression of estrus are described. Furthermore, the potential positive effect of previous exposure to injectable P4 on fertility of Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows is also discussed.

Keywords: P4; estrus; ovulation; synchronization.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Progesterone-based timed-AI (TAI) protocol used in Brazil in suckled Bos indicus cows. P4i: 150 mg of injectable P4; Intravaginal device containing 1 g of progesterone; EB: 2 mg of estradiol benzoate; EC: 1 mg of estradiol cypionate; PGF2α: 500 µg of cloprostenol sodium; eCG: 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin; TAI: Timed artificial insemination.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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