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Observational Study
. 2024 Oct 3;42(23):126221.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126221. Epub 2024 Aug 24.

Delayed peak antibody titers after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: Prospective cohort study

Kohei Unagami  1 , Mikiko Yoshikawa  2 , Hiroto Egawa  3 , Satoko Ohfuji  4 , Yoichiro Natori  5 , Rikako Oki  6 , Tomomi Mori  7 , Hidetoshi Hattori  8 , Ayumi Ishiwatari  9 , Taichi Kanzawa  10 , Tomokazu Shimizu  11 , Kazuya Omoto  10 , Masashi Inui  10 , Yuuki Masano  12 , Takashi Ito  12 , Daisuke Nakajima  13 , Tetsuya Babazono  7 , Toshio Takagi  14 , Shinichi Nunoda  15 , Yoshito Tomimaru  16 , Ryoichi Imamura  17 , Shigeru Miyagawa  18 , Koichi Toda  18 , Etsuro Hatano  12 , Hiroshi Date  13 , Miyaji Kyakuno  19 , Shiro Takahara  20 , Kenji Yuzawa  21 , Naoki Tanimine  22 , Hideki Ohdan  22 , Hideki Ishida  23 , Yoshio Hirota  24 ; Japan Solid Organ Transplantation COVID-19 Countermeasure Group
Affiliations
Observational Study

Delayed peak antibody titers after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: Prospective cohort study

Kohei Unagami et al. Vaccine. .

Abstract

Poor post-vaccination production of antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a concern among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Furthermore, the timing and kinetics of antibody titers after the second vaccine dose are unknown. We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study that included 614 SOT recipients: 460 kidney, 53 heart, 50 liver, 20 lung, and 31 simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK). The participants received two doses of the mRNA vaccine (Pfizer BNT162b2 or Moderna mRNA-1273), as indicated. Serum samples were collected before the first and second vaccinations and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the second vaccine dose, which were then assessed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall seropositivity rate was 43% at 1 month after administration of the second vaccine dose; it gradually increased to 68% at 3 months after second dose administration and to 70% at 6 months. In addition, recipient of kidney, lung or SPK transplants had lower antibody titers at the 3- and 6-month time points than did the other recipients. SOT recipients acquired SARS-CoV-2 S-IgG antibodies slowly, and the peak titer differed significantly from that of the general population.

Keywords: Immunosuppressive therapy; Post-vaccination antibody; Prospective cohort study; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; Solid organ transplantation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yoshio Hirota reports financial support was provided by Health Labor Administration. Yoshio Hirota reports a relationship with Japan Health Labor Administration that includes: funding grants. The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose as described by the Vaccine. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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