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. 2024 Oct;44(10):1209-1213.
doi: 10.1002/cac2.12598. Epub 2024 Aug 25.

Unraveling the routes to distant metastases in colorectal cancer: Tumor deposits and lymph node metastases as the gateway

Nelleke Pietronella Maria Brouwer  1 , Ayse Selcen Oguz Erdogan  1 , Shannon van Vliet  1 , Natasja Rutgers  1 , Nikki Knijn  2 , Gesina van Lijnschoten  3 , Jessica Juliana Tan  4 , Johannes Hendrik Willem de Wilt  5 , Niek Hugen  6   7 , Gina Brown  8 , Femke Simmer  1 , Iris Dionne Nagtegaal  1
Affiliations

Unraveling the routes to distant metastases in colorectal cancer: Tumor deposits and lymph node metastases as the gateway

Nelleke Pietronella Maria Brouwer et al. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Oct.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The phylogenetic analysis of tumor deposits (TD) and lymph node metastases (LNM) as gateways for distant metastatic spread in colorectal cancer (CRC). (A) Histology of LNM (upper) and TD (lower) on hematoxylin & eosin stained slides. (B) For every included case, DNA was isolated from all TD, all LNM, normal tissue, distant metastases (liver and/or peritoneum). From the primary tumor, DNA was isolated from 3 different areas to account for intratumor heterogeneity. (C) Phylogenetic trees were constructed for all included cases. This phylogenetic tree shows liver metastases that were related to a TD with a branching confidence of 71.3%. (D) Bar graph showing all liver metastases and their potential origin in the form of TD, LNM, primary tumor or a combination of these. Also, there were some cases where no evolutionary relation was found between distant metastases and TD, LNM or primary tumor. For these cases, the origin category is called ‘none’. The branching confidence is provided to show the confidence of every branch and does not show major differences between the different origin groups. The results are summarized in an anatomical sketch (shown on the right). (E) Bar graph showing all peritoneal metastases and their potential origin in the form of TD, LNM, primary tumor or a combination of these. Also, there were some cases where no evolutionary relation was found between distant metastases and TD, LNM or primary tumor. For these cases, the origin category is called ‘none’. The branching confidence is provided to show the confidence of every branch and does not show major differences between the different origin groups. The results are summarized in an anatomical sketch (shown on the right). The Fisher's exact test was used to compare the distribution of the origins of liver and peritoneal metastases and showed a significant difference in the distributions (P < 0.05). Abbreviations: tumor deposits, TD; lymph node metastases, LNM; colorectal cancer, CRC; deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA; primary tumor, PT; normal tissue, N; liver metastasis, LM.
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References

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